Copyrights............................3 List of Figures..........................9 List of Tables..........................11 Icon Conventions........................... 13 Chapter 1: Product Overview................15 MTP830 S Overview............................15 Specification............................16 Ordering Options for Radios and Features......................17 Dongle Enablement – Software Enablement Kits....................17 Ordering a Software Enablement Kit........................18 Radio Ordering..............................
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Contents | 7 High Assurance Boot..........................47 Packet Data................................47 Voice and Data Support.......................... 48 Packet Data IP Addressing........................49 PD User Authentication...........................49 TETRA Network Protocol 1..........................49 TNP1 IP Addressing..........................50 Mobility Services..............................50 Main Control Channel Frequencies......................50 Control Channel Selection........................51 Multi-System Operation.......................... 51 Registration.............................
List of Figures | 9 List of Figures Figure 1: MTP830 S ............................... 15 Figure 2: Trunked Mode Operation ..........................19 Figure 3: Direct Mode Operation ........................... 20 Figure 4: Talkgroup Tree ............................... 23 Figure 5: Voice and Data End to End Encryption ......................44...
Table 20: Service Information — Telephone Numbers to EIA Integrated Call Center ..........89 Table 21: Service Information – Telephone Numbers and Addresses of the Asia and Pacific Motorola Centers ..91 Table 22: Service Information – Telephone Numbers and Addresses of Latin America Radio Support Centers ..95...
There is no warning level associated with a note. Suggestion: SUGGESTION indicates a recommendation or tip from Motorola that does not require to be followed, but might be helpful. There is no warning level associated with SUGGESTION.
Man Down detector allows an emergency alert signal to be triggered at your control room when the radio exceeds preset motion timer and tilt angle thresholds. The MTP830 S can be configured to send location reports when the emergency button is pressed – helping control room staff coordinate a response more efficiently.
16 | Product Overview Specification Table 1: General Technical Specification Parameter Value Dimensions HxWxD mm 125 x 59 x 36 (with standard 1850 mAh battery) Weight g 174 radio only 234 with 1850 mAh battery Battery Operating Life (Time Expect- Class 4 (1 W) Class 3L (1.8 W for 380–430 MHz only )
5 meters - 50% probable 10 meters - 95% probable Protocols ETSI LIP & Motorola LRRP Note: This specification may be subject to change without further notice. All product features are subject to infrastructure support. Selected features are subject to optional software upgrade.
18 | Product Overview Ordering a Software Enablement Kit Procedure: 1 Order the standard software enablement kit (main kit) – GM0127. 2 Add software feature options. Note: You can select more than one feature for each main kit. 3 Order a quantity equaling the number of models requiring an option. Radio Ordering Procedure: 1 Order the main radio model.
19 | Services and Features Chapter Services and Features System Support The radio operates on the Dimetra IP 5.x, 6.x, 7.x and 8.x releases and Dimetra IP Compact. It also operates on previous versions of Dimetra — from Release 3.8 and on. The radio is designed to operate optimally on the Dimetra IP system.
20 | Services and Features Direct Mode Operation Direct Mode Operation is a mode of simplex operation where radios communicate directly. Figure 3: Direct Mode Operation Numbering and Addressing Each radio has a TETRA ITSI used for addressing the radio over the air interface. However, it is undesirable to require you to enter a long number to address another radio.
Services and Features | 21 Dialing Methods The radio supports multiple methods for selecting a number for an outgoing call. The direct dialing method provides the radio user with an option to dial a number before entering the mode (modeless operation for all types of calls).
22 | Services and Features The Contact List has a maximum capacity of 2000 Contacts, with up to 1000 associated Private and up to 1000 associated either Phone or PABX numbers distributed among the contacts. The radio provides editing capabilities to the address book to allow adding or deleting entries. The radio provides with the possibility to view the number of used and free address book entries.
Services and Features | 23 Talkgroup Folders The talkgroups are organized in folders. You can select a talkgroup by first choosing a folder and then the talkgroup in the folder. Use the rotary knob or the Option button to select the talkgroup, for detail procedure see the Feature User Guide.The size of each folder is flexible and can be defined through provisioning.
24 | Services and Features Favorite Folders You can add frequently used talkgroups and phone book contacts to the Favorite folder. You can add items from Favorites or Talkgroups and Contacts menu levels respectively. This feature allows a quick access to frequently used talkgroups by including the groups in up to three favorite talkgroups ranges.
Services and Features | 25 You can choose only one user-activated scan list at a time. When this list is activated, the radio begins to monitor traffic for these groups in addition to the traffic for the selected group. The radio can allow creating and editing the scan list using MMI.
26 | Services and Features Depending on the codeplug settings, you may be prohibited from initiating ATG calls. In such case, you are still permitted to initiate an emergency call to an ATG group. Broadcast Call Initiated by User This feature allows you to make a Broadcast Call from the radio initiated on the predefined talkgroup. The alias (message) displayed during Broadcast Call, as well as the call priority and destination address (talkgroup), can be configured in codeplug.
Services and Features | 27 Typically, this call type is addressed to the broadcast address (ISSI). A broadcast call takes precedence over any other call that has the same or lower call priority. Note: The radio cannot initiate a broadcast call, however, the radio is able to initiate the "broadcast-type" call restricted to the particular talkgroup using the Announcement Call feature.
28 | Services and Features Note: The SwMI decides about the ownership of a call. Transmission During Group Call While receiving a group call, and the PTT during received Group Call is enabled, you may request to transmit by pressing and holding the PTT. The system registers this action and informs you that the request has been queued. If you release the PTT, the radio sends a message to the system withdrawing the request.
Services and Features | 29 If the radio is provisioned with this option, when you turn scanning off, the radio sends an appropriate TETRA signaling. In this state, the radio does not monitor any groups other than the selected group. If you then turn scanning on, the radio sends an appropriate TETRA signaling and begins monitoring all scanned groups again.
30 | Services and Features call setup. In addition, the radio allows the SwMI to modify the call setup to direct. This modification enables the infrastructure to generate the progress tones. Talk Time Limit In a simplex call, the radio limits the time you can continuously talk in a group call without interruption, according to a provisioned value.
Services and Features | 31 Check enabled displays the “Party not available” message if the other party does not answer. To use this feature, both radios need to support it. In addition, radios can be configured to Accept DMO Individual Calls with Presence Check. If enabled, the radio accepts incoming calls with or without the presence check.
32 | Services and Features Emergency Operations Emergency Operations are used in critical situations. Pressing the EMERGENCY button or entering Emergency number and pressing the SEND key, activates one or more services (depends on the service provider setting): • Sending Emergency Alarm •...
Services and Features | 33 Emergency Individual Calls (Private or MS-ISDN) The Emergency Individual Calls are Simplex or Duplex Calls with emergency priority. On pressing the EMERGENCY button, the radio initiates an Individual Call to the provisioned address (private or MS-ISDN). During this kind of call all user indications are unavailable and all other services are rejected.
34 | Services and Features Note: When the user is in the Emergency Mode, pressing button restarts the Alternating Hot EMERGENCY Microphone. Silent Emergency Mode The Silent Emergency Mode is a type of emergency services that provides no audible indications and no keypad tones at the entrance.
Services and Features | 35 • No other services can interrupt this type of call. • Hot Mic functionality cannot be used. • Speech can only be in Clear mode, even if any of the encryption services are enabled. The only exception is E2E Encryption.
36 | Services and Features provisioned with the targeted status and you want to send an SDS status message, the following possible actions apply: • When the default address type of targeted SDS status is set to Private or Phone, the default address is used as ISSI, GSSI or ISDN, depending on configuration.
Services and Features | 37 short messages are stored regardless the delivery status. Whereas, long messages are stored only if delivered (even if only to the store and forward server). Depending on radio settings, for each Outbox message the following options are available.
38 | Services and Features Immediate Text Messages Immediate Text Messaging is a selling feature which enables displaying the text message immediately on the radio display. This feature is used for sending high important information from the console to radios. When the radio has the feature enabled and receives an immediate text message, then: •...
Services and Features | 39 The required protection against any unauthorized access through the MMI, PEI, or unintentional access by other means is carried out through the special mechanisms. The encryption of stored messages preventing from accessing the memory directly and the user authentication protect SDS messages. Protected messages cannot be read on the radio MMI unless valid authentication occurs.
40 | Services and Features Terminal Equipment Identity The Terminal Equipment Identity (TEI) is unique identification number programmed in the radio at the factory and cannot be later modified. PIN/PUK User Authentication In order to authenticate yourself, the radio supports a Personal Identification Number (PIN) and PIN Unblocking Key (PUK) mechanisms.
Services and Features | 41 Mode Security Feature Security Class 1 Security Class 2 Security Class 3 Security Class 3G Mutual Authentica- Optional Optional Optional Optional tion OTAR Optional Mandatory Mandatory SCK AIE Mandatory DCK AIE Mandatory Mandatory GCK AIE Mandatory Note: In the current release the radio does not support the following security features: •...
42 | Services and Features A clear radio can set up calls to and receive calls from encrypted radios. The system informs the encrypted radios that the call is with a clear radio and they switch to clear operation. Class 2 and 3 radios can only act as described if they are allowed to operate in a lower class.
Services and Features | 43 • Seamless security class changes to SC3G. The SwMI can support the group OTAR feature. Where supported, the SwMI groups radios that share the same set of cryptographic key material into a specific crypto management group (CMG). Any radio belonging to the same CMG is addressed using a CMG GTSI.
44 | Services and Features The key deletion takes up to 30 seconds. During the period, the battery must not be removed. Removing the battery during that period may lead to radio malfunction. Encryption and/or Authentication keys are deleted. The radio enters Temporary Disable state and must be manually restored by the service provider.
Services and Features | 45 The End-to-End Encryption (E2EE) feature resolves this issue by encrypting the voice information before it is packed into the PDU. This message is also encrypted according to the over-the-air encryption of the TETRA standard. Thus, when the base station decrypts the PDU containing voice information, the voice part remains protected by encryption until the called radio receives the voice and decrypts it.
Note: When a radio has been disabled using the permanent disable v2, entering programming mode procedure is different. For the details, see TETRA Terminals CPS Start-up User Guide (Motorola Part Number: 6802974C10).
Services and Features | 47 High Assurance Boot The radio has a facility that ensures that the code and data flashed in the radio is authentic and has not been altered. The hardware forces the HAB module to run at boot time. The module checks if all software comes from a trusted source.
48 | Services and Features Note: The cell reselection is undeclared in a strict TETRA sense. However, the SNDCP protocol defines a procedure for reconnecting the packet data service on the new cell. In this sense, the cell reselection procedure resembles the unannounced cell re-selection procedure. Multi-slot packet data is a selling feature.
Services and Features | 49 • UDP packets not addressed to the WAP nor the GPS ports are routed to the PEI (using PPP). Note: When activating another PD context on the radio, use the same settings in both PD contexts. Packet Data IP Addressing Table 7: Packet Data IP Addressing Addressing Mode...
50 | Services and Features In the TMO, the TNP1 specifies a protocol for use over the PEI, that allows terminal equipment (TE) to have control over the TETRA services: mobility management, call control, short data service, and supplementary services: send GPS reports, software information and battery state information.
Services and Features | 51 3 A frequency range specification, using a specific offset, that can be preprogrammed in the factory. The system operator can modify this range using the programming tool. Then the radio scans all frequencies in 25 kHz intervals in the specified range.
52 | Services and Features Select Network (Select Net) In this mode the radio recognizes only the system you selected in the list of allowed systems. As the result, the radio registers only on this selected network, even if another network is in range and is found first. Any Network (Any Net) In this mode radio selects the network automatically where the home network is not available.
Services and Features | 53 • If in a call and not transmitting or link failure occurs — unannounced cell reselection. • If transmitting in a call, and a neighbor has been scanned, and the cells are synchronized — announced type-1 or type-2 cell reselection.
54 | Services and Features Foreign Network (Foreign Net) In this mode radio selects the network automatically where the home network is not available. The radio registers to any network that it finds that is already programmed into its codeplug list of networks, i.e. no user manual selection is required.
Services and Features | 55 The terminal recognizes whether the cell is congested (Control Channel Congestion). The terminal tries to roam to not congested cells first, ranking congested ones as secondary. The cell congestion is one of the service level criteria. The following cells are never marked as congested.
56 | Services and Features Depending on the codeplug settings, you can toggle through the interface, between high and normal RF power. That respectively is Class 3L (1.8 W) and Class 4. The radio can be configured to switch automatically to Class 3L (1.8 W) on entering DMO and to automatically switch to Class 4 (1 W) on entering TMO.
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Services and Features | 57 Depending on the group type the following is allowed: • Static – only selection is allowed. • Semi-Static – selection and reassignment are allowed. • Dynamic – selection, deassignment, and reassignment are allowed. The groups can be assigned as not attached, attached as scanned or attached as selected. Assignment of the group through DGNA with attached as selected makes it the selected group of the radio.
58 | Services and Features The radio also supports supergroups of scanned groups, such that a group addressed DGNA assignment received on one of the user scan group addresses causes the radio to monitor all signaling addressed to that supergroup as long as the scan group is being monitored, and as long as the supergroup lifetime lasts.
Services and Features | 59 In this mode, the radio does not transmit under any circumstances except for the Emergency Calls. All the functions and keys which cause transmission, for example registration to the network, changing talkgroup or folder, sending SDS messages, or pressing the PTT button are disabled.
60 | Services and Features DTMF Overdial This supplementary service allows the radio to send DTMF tones to both internal and the external network during the call (conversation). It is only possible to send DTMFs when in full duplex call. This can be disabled in the codeplug (enabled by default).
Services and Features | 61 The man down feature is based on a sensor with low power current consumption. When Man Down is enabled the sensor performs a self test during powering on the radio. If the test fails, the radio notifies with a specific audio tone and status icon.
62 | Services and Features Auto gateway The radio can initiate calls on the selected talkgroup directly with another radio or through any available gateway that is detected as present. Repeater The talkgroup links to a DMO repeater. Specific gateway and repeater The radio uses only the gateway with the specified gateway address for the talkgroup and/or a DMO repeater.
Services and Features | 63 When the radio connects to a gateway, it plays a tone, displays the Gateway available message and shows an appropriate icon. When the radio looses connection with the gateway, it plays a tone, displays the Gateway not available message, and the gateway icon is blinking.
64 | Services and Features If configured by service provider upon the reception of SDS Remote Control Service (AT command) request, the radio gives an audio-visual notification. The service provider has two options: Limited SDS RC and Full SDS RC modes. The SDS remote control in the Limited SDS RC enables the following: •...
Services and Features | 65 The call-out service function in two main phases: 1 Alert Phase – you receive the alert with the associated messages that you can respond to. These messages provide all the important information about an incident. A special tone is played when the alert is coming in. The tone volume range is configured in the codeplug and cannot be adjusted through the MMI.
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If the Location Reports are sent via SDS with User Defined Data Type-4 as a transport layer, either the ETSI Location Information Protocol (LIP) or Motorola Location Request/Response Protocol (LRRP) GPS Location Protocol is used. The LRRP GPS protocol either use SDS-TL (for added reliability) or Simple GPS with no SDS-TL (for saving air interface resources).
Services and Features | 67 Table 9: GPS Triggers Trigger Type Trigger Event Power-up Radio powers up in TMO. Power-down Radio powers down in TMO. Emergency condi- Radio enters emergency operations. tion Periodic Given time interval after the last location report expires. Moved Radio position has changed by at least the distance defined (the radio checks the movement from the last known position at an interval).
68 | Services and Features Note: An example of an MGRS coordinate would be 19TDJ3858897366, which consists of: • 19 is the UTM Zone Number • T is the corresponding UTM latitude band letter • DJ is the MGRS Grid Reference used to define the 100 km square within the UTM/UPS block. The columns A-Z (excluding "I"...
69 | Man-Machine Interface Chapter Man-Machine Interface Controls, Indicators and Related Features LED Indications Table 11: LED Indications Indication Status Solid green In use Repeating call Battery fully charged Blinking green In service/idle Solid red Out of service, switching between modes e.g. DMO to TMO Rapid charge Trickle charge Blinking red...
70 | Man-Machine Interface Controls and Indicators Table 12: Controls and Indicators Annotation Description button MERGENCY Table continued… Send Feedback...
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Man-Machine Interface | 71 Annotation Description Press and hold E button to enter Emergency operation. When your radio is off, MERGENCY press and hold to power on in Emergency Mode. OTARY • Rotate to set the volume. • Press and rotate to select a different talkgroup. •...
72 | Man-Machine Interface Annotation Description Used with the digital car kit to connect the RF signal to the external antenna. ISPLAY Provides alphanumeric text and images within 65,536 colors and 130 x 130 pixels with backlight, scalable fonts, and contrast. ONNECTOR Used to connect accessories and for programming.
Man-Machine Interface | 73 • A-Z and space. • a-z and space. • 0-9, punctuation marks, and space. Note: When the feature is disabled, English capital letters, digits, small letters, and set of punctuation characters can be entered using the software keypad. This limited operation enables users to enter PIN, PUK, phone numbers, SDS destination number, and contact names.
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74 | Man-Machine Interface Feature Description Direct Private Number Dialing Dials a predefined private number. Display OPTA Displays the Operative Tactical Address (OPTA). Display Time Displays universal time on the home screen. Double Push PTT Sends the D- PTT tone to the currently used talkgroup. Enable/Disable Howling Suppression Turns on/off Howling Suppression.
Man-Machine Interface | 75 Feature Description Volume Down • Press to decrease the volume by one level. • Press and hold to continuously decrease the volume to its mini- mum level. Volume Up • Press to increase the volume by one level. •...
76 | Man-Machine Interface Color Mode or State Olive Local Site Trunking Mode Yellow Call Out — Standby Call Out — Alert Green Call Out — Accepted Grey Radio User Assignment (RUA) — Limited service Status Icons Status icons appear when your radio is engaged in certain activities or when you have activated certain features. The icons can appear in normal or large size.
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Man-Machine Interface | 77 Icon Description Direct Mode — Displayed when the radio is in Direct Mode (radio-to-radio communica- tion). Repeater Mode — Displayed when the radio is switched to work as a repeater in Repeater Mode. DMO Gateway Communication Mode — Indicates that gateway is selected. The icon has the following states: •...
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78 | Man-Machine Interface Icon Description • Blinking - the radio is acquiring a location fix. This is an optional setting and may not be enabled on your radio. RUI Logged on — Indicates that you are logged on into the radio. RUI Pseudo Log On —...
Man-Machine Interface | 79 Icon Description • for the selected talkgroup, • for the highlighted private number, • for the manually entered private number, • when transmitting voice in Group Calls, • when transmitting voice in Simplex Private Calls. Blinking, when the End-to-End Encryption is enabled •...
80 | Man-Machine Interface Note: The terminal periodically repeats the audible and visible indication of low battery. In default configuration non-BSI radio in TMO displays: + Line 1: Network status or network identification (No Service or MCC/MNC or MCC/ MNC alias). + Line 2: Selected Group Folder.
When the screen saver is being displayed, any key input or incoming service causes the screen saver to deactivate. Languages Supported Table 17: Languages Supported Language MTP830 S English Arabic Chinese (simplified) Chinese (traditional)
82 | Man-Machine Interface Tones Table 18: Radio Tones Tone Name Default Tone Diagram [Hz] 2400 2100 Back to Coverage 1800 1000 Back to Full Service [ms] [Hz] 2400 2100 1800 1000 Clear-to-send [ms] [Hz] 2400 2100 1800 1000 Bad Key Pressed [ms] [Hz] 2400...
Audio Device Descriptor (ADD) is a set of parameters in the radio, which defines the audio setting (e.g. gains and filters settings) for each accessory. For Motorola accessories, the ADDs are predefined and cannot be changed by the user. For 3rd party accessories, the ADD parameters are configurable via CPS (Audio Settings -> 3rd Party Accessory Device Parameter) –...
One audio profile is enabled by default but up to ten audio profiles can be enabled, the names of which are configurable by CPS. The audio profiles are based on templates, which are provided by Motorola and are also managed by the CPS. Several audio profiles can be created, based on the same template.
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86 | Man-Machine Interface EquipID – TEI (Tetra Equipment Identity) LLS version– Local Language Package version • Addresses; Home MNI – country identification code, network code Group ID – number of the currently selected talkgroup Own ISSI – Own Individual Short Subscriber Identity ASSI –...
TEI – the TEI is displayed as a hexadecimal number. • Serial number – Motorola serial number is displayed only on radios distributed under Motorola trademark. • OPTA – if the BSI SIM support is disabled, no OPTA information is displayed.
Customer Information Desk and obtain a Return Material Authorization number. Unless advised otherwise, the equipment should then be shipped to the following address: Motorola GmbH, European Systems Component Center, Am Borsigturm 130, 13507 Berlin, Germany E-mail: escc.admin@motorolasolutions.com. Telephone: +49 30 66 86 1404 Mon –...
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Fax: +49 (0) 6128 951046 Latest Versions of Manuals To download the latest versions of technical manuals, see http://emeaonline.motorolasolutions.com. Submit Your Comments If you have any comments or would like to report a problem regarding Motorola publications, send an e-mail to: escc.admin@motorolasolutions.com. Send Feedback...
Motorola Service Center as listed in the following table: Table 21: Service Information – Telephone Numbers and Addresses of the Asia and Pacific...
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3220 Sukhumvit Road, Klongtoey, Bangkok 10110 Contact: Nitas Vatanasupapon E-mail: Nitas@motorolasolutions.com India +91-9844218850 Motorola Solutions India Pvt. Ltd. C/o Communication Test Design India Private Limited, #4, 5 Maruthi Industrial Estate, Rajapalya, Hoodi Village, Bangalore - 560048, India Contact: K. Umamaheswari E-mail: umamaheshwari@motorolasolutions.com...
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Motorola Radio Aftermarket and Accessory Division (AAD). If no part number is assigned, the part is not normally available from Motorola. If a list of parts is not included, that means that no user-serviceable parts are available for that kit or assembly.
Some replacement parts, spare parts, and/or product information can be ordered directly. If a complete Motorola part number is assigned to the part, it is available from Motorola. If no part number is assigned, the part is not normally available from Motorola. If the part number is appended with an asterisk, the part is serviceable by Motorola Depot only.
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Piso 11, San Isidro Lima 27 954-723-8959 MOTOROLA SOLUTIONS, INC. Latin American Countries Region 789 International Parkway Sunrise, FL 33325 Venezuela 58212-901-4600 MOTOROLA DE LOS ANDES C.A. Ave. Francisco de Miranda Centro Lido, Torre A Piso 15, El Rosal Send Feedback...
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Service Information – Americas | 97 Country Telephone Number Address Caracas, 1060 Send Feedback...
99 | Glossary Glossary Audio Device Descriptors Air Interface Encryption Air Interface Encryption (AIE) Provides confidentiality on the radio link over the air. See also: Encryption Announced Cell Reselection Cell reselection where radio Mobile Link Entity (MLE) informs the Switching and Management Infrastructure (SwMI) both in the serving cell and in the new cell that cell change is performed.
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100 | Glossary See also: Encryption DGNA Dynamic Group Number Assignment Direct Mode Operation (DMO) Direct communications between two or more radios without the use of any infrastructure. Direct Mode Operation Data Radio Equipment DTMF Dual Tone Multi-Frequency Dual Tone Multi-Frequency (DTMF) Tone-based signaling scheme which combines two of a set of standard frequencies.
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Location Request/Response Protocol Local Site Trunking MACE Motorola Advanced Crypto Engine Main Control Channel (MCCH) The main control channel at a site. The channel is used by radios to register on the system and to request and setup speech calls with other radios.
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102 | Glossary Man Machine Interface (MMI) Relates to the CPS Plus and radios user interface. MCCH Main Control Channel Mobile Link Entity See also: Announced Cell Reselection Man Machine Interface Mobile Country Code The MCC and MNC together form a unique TETRA system identifier that is broadcast by a Dimetra system over the air interface.
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Glossary | 103 PSTN Public Switched Telephone Network PSTN Gateway A device that provides connectivity from a TETRA user to a PSTN subscriber and the other way around. Additionally, for the duration of the call, the PSTN gateway allows TETRA signaling information to be passed from TETRA Switching and Management Infrastructure to the external network user and from the external network user to the TETRA SwMI in accordance with the TETRA Call Control (CC) procedures.
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104 | Glossary Semi-Duplex Private Call Also called Private Call or Express Connect Call. In this type of one-way call, the user presses and holds the PTT while talking, and releases the PTT while listening. See also: Private Call Push-to-Talk Sensitive Data A set of important and unique, factory-defined values (such as frequency tuning) assigned to radios.
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Glossary | 105 Trunked Mode Operation Trunked Trunked Radio Communications Trunked Radio Communications (Trunked) A computer controlled communications system that allocates speech channels on demand selecting on a random basis from the group of channels available. Upgrade To replace radio firmware with a newer version and preserve User and Sensitive Data. User Data A set of codeplug nodes and values, that can be edited and replicated to other codeplugs or radios.