Page 1 User’s Guide HP 8712ES and HP 8714ES RF Network Analyzers HP Part No. 08714-90012 Printed in USA Print Date: October 1999 Supersedes: November 1998 © Copyright 1998, 1999 Hewlett-Packard Company...
Page 2 Notice The information contained in this document is subject to change without notice. Hewlett-Packard makes no warranty of any kind with regard to this material, including but not limited to, the implied warranties of merchantability and ﬁtness for a particular purpose. Hewlett-Packard shall not be liable for errors contained herein or for incidental or consequential damages in connection with the furnishing, performance, or use of this material.
Page 3 Acknowledgments Lotus® 1-2-3® are U.S. registered trademarks of Lotus Development Corporation. Windows®, Word97®, and Excel97® are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corp. Portions of the software include source code from the Info–ZIP group. This code is freely available on the Internet by anonymous ftp asftp.uu.net:/pub/archiving/zip/unzip51/.tar.Z, and from CompuServe asunz51.zip in the IBMPRO forum, library 10, (data compression).
Page 4 Introducing the Analyzer The HP 8712ES and HP 8714ES are easy-to-use RF network analyzers optimized for production measurements of S-parameters. The instrument integrates an RF synthesized source, S-parameter test set, multi-mode receivers, and display in one compact box. The source features 1 Hz resolution, 40 ms (or faster) sweep time, and up to +13 dBm output power.
Page 5 associated with crosstalk, directivity, source and load match, and frequency response. Refer to Chapter 9, “Speciﬁcations,” for error correction speciﬁcations. How to Use This Guide The ﬁrst 6 chapters of this guide explain how to perform measurements, calibrate the instrument, and use the most common instrument functions.
Page 6 Supplement provides information on how to conﬁgure and control test systems for automation of test processes. The Programmer’s Guide provides programming information including HP-IB and SCPI command references, as well as short programming examples. The Example Programs Guide provides a tutorial...
Page 7 HP Instrument BASIC, and includes a language reference. The HP Instrument BASIC User’s Handbook Supplement shows how to use HP Instrument BASIC to program the analyzer. The Option 100 Fault Location and Structural Return Loss Measurements User’s Guide Supplement provides theory and measurement examples for making fault location and SRL measurements.
Page 8 viii ES User’s Guide...
Page 9: Table Of Contents
Contents 1. Installing the Analyzer Introduction ............1-2 Step 1.
Page 10 Contents The Typical Measurement Sequence ........3-13 Using the BEGIN Key to Make Measurements .
Page 11 Contents Connect the DUT ........... . 3-71 View and Interpret the Group Delay Measurement Results .
Page 12 Contents Modifying Display Annotation ......... .4-48 Expanding the Displayed Measurement .
Page 13 Minimizing the Span (HP 8714ES only) ........
Page 14 Contents Creating a User-Deﬁned Calibration Kit........6-25 Saving and Recalling the Calibration ........6-33 Saving the Calibration .
Page 15 Contents N ..............8-60 O .
Page 16 Contents Statement of Compliance ..........10-4 Cleaning Instructions .
Page 17: Installing The Analyzer
Installing the Analyzer ES User’s Guide...
Page 18: Introduction
Installing the Analyzer Introduction Introduction This chapter will guide you through the four steps needed to correctly and safely install your network analyzer. The four steps are: 1. Check the Shipment 2. Meet Electrical and Environmental Requirements 3. Check the Analyzer Operation 4.
Page 19: Step 1. Check The Shipment
Installing the Analyzer Step 1. Check the Shipment Step 1. Check the Shipment After you have unpacked your instrument, it is recommended that you keep the packaging materials so they may be used if your instrument should need to be returned for maintenance or repair. The packaging material is designed to protect the analyzer from damage NOTE that can happen during shipping.
Page 20: Step 2. Meet Electrical And Environmental Requirements
Installing the Analyzer Step 2. Meet Electrical and Environmental Requirements Step 2. Meet Electrical and Environmental Requirements 1. Set the line voltage selector to the position that corresponds to the ac power source you will be using. CAUTION Before switching on this instrument, make sure that the line voltage selector switch is set to the voltage of the mains supply and the correct fuse (T 5 A 250 V) is installed.
Page 21 Installing the Analyzer Step 2. Meet Electrical and Environmental Requirements 2. Ensure the available ac power source meets the following requirements: Nominal AC Line Power Setting 115 V 90 to 132 Vac (47 to 63 Hz) 230 V 198 to 264 Vac (47 to 63 Hz) If the ac line voltage does not fall within these ranges, an autotransformer that provides third-wire continuity to ground should be used.
Page 22 Installing the Analyzer Step 2. Meet Electrical and Environmental Requirements 4. Verify that the power cable is not damaged, and that the power source outlet provides a protective earth ground contact. Note that the following illustration depicts only one type of power source outlet. Refer to Figure 7-11 Chapter 7...
Page 23 Installing the Analyzer Step 2. Meet Electrical and Environmental Requirements WARNING If this instrument is to be energized via an external autotransformer for voltage reduction, make sure that its common terminal is connected to a neutral (earthed pole) of the power supply.
Page 24 Step 2. Meet Electrical and Environmental Requirements 8. Set up a static-safe workstation. Electrostatic discharge (ESD) can damage or destroy components. • table mat with earth ground wire: HP part number 9300-0797 • wrist-strap cord with 1 Meg Ohm resistor: HP part number 9300-0980 • wrist-strap: HP part number 9300-1367 •...
Page 25: Step 3. Check The Analyzer Operation
1. Turn on the line switch of the analyzer. After approximately 30 seconds, a display box should appear on the screen with the following information: • the model number of your analyzer (either HP 8712ES or HP 8714ES) • the ﬁrmware revision •...
Page 26: Step 4. Conﬁgure The Analyzer
Installing the Analyzer Step 4. Conﬁgure the Analyzer Step 4. Conﬁgure the Analyzer You can begin making measurements by simply connecting your analyzer to an appropriate power source and turning it on. This section, however, will explain how to connect common peripherals and controllers, and how to install your analyzer into a rack system.
Page 27: Connecting Peripherals And Controllers
Refer to Figure 1-4: • The HP-IB port is for use with computers and peripherals (printers, plotters, etc.). • The parallel and RS-232 (serial) ports are also for peripherals. The parallel and serial ports can also be programmed via IBASIC for general I/O control.
Page 28 Interface User’s Guide Supplement for information on how to use your analyzer in a LAN. HP-IB An HP-IB system may be connected in any conﬁguration as long as the Connections following rules are observed: • The total number of devices is less than or equal to 15.
Page 29 Installing the Analyzer Step 4. Conﬁgure the Analyzer Figure 1-5 HP-IB Connection Conﬁgurations ES User’s Guide 1-13...
Page 30 To Set HP-IB To communicate via HP-IB, each external device must have a unique Addresses address and the network analyzer must recognize each address. To check or set each external device's actual address, refer to the device's manual (most addresses are set with switches).
Page 31 To change the recognized address, press Print/Plot HP-IB Addr number Enter Only one hardcopy HP-IB address can be set at a time. Changing the NOTE printer address, for example, changes the plotter to the same address. Analyzer: Press...
Page 32: Installing The Analyzer In A Rack
(handles) only. This rack mount kit allows you to mount the analyzer with or without handles. To install the network analyzer in an HP 85043D rack, follow the instructions in the rack manual.
Page 33: Preventive Maintenance
Installing the Analyzer Preventive Maintenance Preventive Maintenance Preventive maintenance consists of two tasks. It should be performed at least every six months—more often if the instrument is used daily on a production line or in a harsh environment. Clean the CRT Use a soft cloth and, if necessary, a mild cleaning solution.
Page 34 Installing the Analyzer Preventive Maintenance 1-18 ES User’s Guide...
Page 35: Getting Started
Getting Started ES User’s Guide...
Page 36: Introduction
Getting Started Introduction Introduction The HP 8712ES and HP 8714ES are easy-to-use, fully integrated RF component test systems. Each instrument includes a synthesized source, a wide dynamic range receiver, and a built-in test set. Controls are grouped by functional block, and settings are displayed on the instrument screen.
Page 37: Front Panel Tour
6 SYSTEM The system keys control system level functions. These include instrument preset, save/recall, and hardcopy output. HP-IB parameters and IBASIC are also controlled with these system keys. 7 The Numeric Keypad Use the number keys to enter a speciﬁc numeric value for a chosen parameter. Use the...
Page 38: Entering Measurement Parameters
Getting Started Entering Measurement Parameters Entering Measurement Parameters This section describes how to input measurement parameter information into the network analyzer. NOTE When entering parameters, you can use the numeric key pad, as described in each example, or you can use the keys or the front panel knob to enter data.
Page 39 When the Factory Preset key is pressed, the following major default conditions apply: Frequency range (HP 8712 ES) 0.3 to 1300 MHz Frequency range (HP 8714 ES) 0.3 to 3000 MHz...
Page 40: Entering Frequency Range
Getting Started Entering Measurement Parameters 1. Press the key to access the frequency softkey menu. Entering FREQ Frequency Range 2. To change the low end of the frequency range to 10 MHz, press Start 3. To change the high end of the frequency range to 900 MHz, press Stop 4.
Page 41 Getting Started Entering Measurement Parameters Figure 2-3 Reference Positions Entering the keys allow you to choose which MEAS 1 MEAS 2 Active measurement channel is active, and measurement parameters for that Measurement channel. When a particular measurement channel is active, its display is Channel and Type brighter than the inactive channel, and any changes made to of Measurement...
Page 42: Viewing Measurement Channels
Getting Started Entering Measurement Parameters Figure 2-4 Both Measurement Channels Active Viewing 1. To view only the measurement channel 2 S measurement, press Measurement Meas OFF MEAS 1 Channels 2. To view both measurement channels again, press MEAS 1 3. To view both measurement channels separately on a split screen, press More Display Split Disp FULL split Refer to...
Page 43 Getting Started Entering Measurement Parameters Figure 2-5 Split Display You have now learned how to enter common measurement parameters and how to manipulate the display for optimum viewing of your measurement. You can now proceed on to performing the operator's check, or refer to Chapter 3, “Making Measurements,”...
Page 44: Performing The Operator's Check
1.3 GHz and ≤0.75 dB of insertion loss from 1.3 to 3.0 GHz. • A known good load (> 40 dB return loss) that matches the test port impedance of your analyzer such as one from calibration kit HP 85032B/E (50 Ω) or HP 85036B/E (75 Ω). 2-10 ES User’s Guide...
Page 45: Make S21 And S12 Transmission Measurements
5. Press Default Response 6. Verify that the data trace falls within ±0.5 dB of 0 dB. See Figure 2-7 for a typical HP 8714ES result. The HP 8712ES should look similar, but end at 1300 MHz. ES User’s Guide 2-11...
Page 46 Default Response 9. Verify that the data trace falls within ±0.5 dB of 0 dB. See Figure 2-7 for a typical HP 8714ES result. (Although this ﬁgure is from an S measurement, the results of your S measurement should look similar.) The HP 8712ES should look similar, but will end at...
Page 47: Make A Broadband Power Measurement
POWER measurement). 4. Verify that the data trace is within ±2 dB of 0 dBm. See Figure 2-8 a typical HP 8714ES result. The HP 8712ES should look similar, but end at 1300 MHz. Figure 2-8 Verify Broadband Power Measurement ES User’s Guide...
Page 48: Make S11 And S22 Reﬂection Measurements
POWER 5. Press Default 1-Port 6. Verify that the data trace falls completely below −16 dB. See Figure 2-9 for a typical HP 8714ES result. The HP 8712ES should look similar, but end at 1300 MHz. 2-14 ES User’s Guide...
Page 49 S measurement, the results of your S measurement should look similar.) The HP 8712ES should look similar, but will end at 1300 MHz. 10. Disconnect the cable and connect a known good load to port 2 as shown in Figure 2-10.
Page 50 Getting Started Performing the Operator's Check Figure 2-10 Connect the Load to Port 2 11. Verify that the data trace falls below −30 dB. If the data trace is off the screen, press Reference Level and the SCALE until the trace moves up onto the screen. 12.
Page 51: If The Analyzer Fails The Operator's Check
Getting Started Performing the Operator's Check 14. Verify that the data trace falls below −30 dB. If the data trace is off the screen, press Reference Level and the SCALE until the trace moves up onto the screen. This concludes the operator's check. However, further conﬁdence can be obtained by performing the following: •...
Page 52 Getting Started Performing the Operator's Check 2-18 ES User’s Guide...
Page 53: Making Measurements
Making Measurements ES User’s Guide...
Page 54: Introduction
Making Measurements Introduction Introduction This chapter provides an overview of basic network analyzer measurement theory, a section explaining the typical measurement sequence, a segment describing the use of the key, and detailed BEGIN examples of the following measurements: • “Measuring S-Parameters using a Two-Port Calibration” on page 3-19 •...
Page 55: Measuring Devices With Your Network Analyzer
Making Measurements Measuring Devices with Your Network Analyzer Measuring Devices with Your Network Analyzer This section provides a basic overview of how the network analyzer measures devices. The analyzer has an RF signal source that produces an incident signal that is used as a stimulus to the device under test. Your device responds by reﬂecting a portion of the incident signal and transmitting the remaining signal.
Page 56 Making Measurements Measuring Devices with Your Network Analyzer Refer to Figure 3-2, “Simpliﬁed Block Diagram,” for the following discussion regarding detection schemes and modes. The forward transmitted signal (routed to input B) and the reﬂected signal (input A) are measured by comparison to the incident signal. The reverse transmitted signal (routed to input A) and the reﬂected signal (input B) are also measured by comparison to the incident signal.
Page 57 Making Measurements Measuring Devices with Your Network Analyzer Refer to Figure 3-3, “Block Diagram,” for the following discussion. The network analyzer receiver has two signal detection modes: • broadband detection mode • narrowband detection mode There are two internal broadband detectors: B* and R*. External broadband detectors can also be used when connected to the X and Y ports on the rear panel of the analyzer.
Page 58 Making Measurements Measuring Devices with Your Network Analyzer Figure 3-3 Block Diagram ES User’s Guide...
Page 59: The Measurement Display Icon
Making Measurements Measuring Devices with Your Network Analyzer The following table shows the correlation between different types of measurements, input channels and signals. Input Input Source Measurement Detection Mode Detectors Signals Direction Forward Transmission Narrowband transmitted/ Forward incident Reverse Transmission Narrowband transmitted/ Reverse...
Page 60 Making Measurements Measuring Devices with Your Network Analyzer Measurement Icon Appears on the Analyzer’s Display Display Icon When Measuring: Any of the four S-parameters (with two-port calibration) when sweep time is less than 3.0 seconds. Either of the two forward S-parameters (with two-port calibration) when sweep time is more than 3.0 seconds.
Page 61: Measuring S-Parameters
Making Measurements Measuring Devices with Your Network Analyzer Measuring S-Parameters Figure 3-4 Measuring S-Parameters Refer to Figure 3-4 for the following discussion of S-parameters. S-parameters are used to completely describe the electrical behavior of a linear two-port device that operates at high frequencies. An N-port device has N S-parameters.
Page 62 Making Measurements Measuring Devices with Your Network Analyzer NOTE When making any type of S-parameter measurement with a two-port calibration, the analyzer takes both a forward and a reverse sweep while collecting data. and S are determined by measuring the magnitude and phase of the incident, reﬂected, and transmitted signals when the output is terminated in a perfect Z (a load that equals the characteristic...
Page 63: Attenuation And Ampliﬁcation In A Measurement Setup
Making Measurements Measuring Devices with Your Network Analyzer Attenuation and Ampliﬁcation in a Measurement Setup The measurement setup that you use may require attenuation or ampliﬁcation. The following sections describe when to use them. When to Use Attenuation • For accurate measurements, use external attenuation to limit the power at the input port to +10 dBm (for narrowband-detection measurements) or +16 dBm (for broadband-detection measurements).
Page 64: When To Change The System Impedance
Making Measurements Measuring Devices with Your Network Analyzer When to Change the System Impedance Your analyzer has a system characteristic impedance of either 50 or 75 ohms, yet may be changed to the alternate impedance. If using minimum-loss pads for impedance conversions, the alternate impedance should be selected so that the measurement results are displayed relative to the conversion impedance.
Page 65: The Typical Measurement Sequence
Making Measurements Measuring Devices with Your Network Analyzer The Typical Measurement Sequence A typical measurement consists of performing four major steps: The easiest way to set up the analyzer's parameters for a simple Step 1. Enter the Measurement measurement is to use the key.
Page 66: Using The Begin Key To Make Measurements
Making Measurements Using the BEGIN Key to Make Measurements Using the BEGIN Key to Make Measurements Figure 3-5 The BEGIN Key key allows you to quickly and easily conﬁgure the analyzer BEGIN (from the condition) to measure the following: PRESET •...
Page 67: Begin Key Overview
Making Measurements Using the BEGIN Key to Make Measurements BEGIN Key Overview key sets up a generic instrument state for the testing of BEGIN various types of devices. key has two different behaviors, depending on whether BEGIN you are selecting a new device type, or a new measurement type. When you use the key to select a new device type and Selecting a New...
Page 68: Using The Begin Key To Conﬁgure Measurements
Making Measurements Using the BEGIN Key to Make Measurements If measurement channel 2 is active when the key is used to BEGIN select a new device type, measurement channel 2 is turned off, and measurement channel 1 is made active. If measurement channel 2 is active when the key is used to BEGIN...
Page 69 10 MHz to 10 MHz to Range 1300 MHz 1300 MHz 1300 MHz 1300 MHz 1300 MHz 1300 MHz (HP 8712ES) Frequency 0.300 MHz to 0.300 MHz to 0.300 MHz to 0.300 MHz to 10 MHz to 10 MHz to Range...
Page 70: Autost Files
Making Measurements Using the BEGIN Key to Make Measurements AUTOST ﬁles When the analyzer's power is turned on, it ﬁrst checks for an IBASIC autostart ﬁle (AUTOSTART.BAS) on the non-volatile RAM disk and then on the 3.5” disk. If found, the ﬁle is loaded and run. This feature simpliﬁes the task of turning on an automated test station at the beginning of a working day or test session.
Page 71: Measuring S-Parameters Using A
Making Measurements Measuring S-Parameters using a Two-Port Calibration Measuring S-Parameters using a Two-Port Calibration This section describes how to perform a two-port calibration. Once done, this calibration can be used with all types of S-parameter measurements. It should be noted that other types of error correction, though not as accurate as a two-port calibration, allow faster measurement speed.
Page 72: Enter The Measurement Parameters
Making Measurements Measuring S-Parameters using a Two-Port Calibration Enter the Measurement Parameters 1. Press the following keys on the analyzer: User Preset Factory Preset PRESET MEAS 1 2. Press the softkey for any type of S-parameter measurement. This example measurement uses the default instrument parameters for NOTE the S-parameter measurement you selected.
Page 73 For Use For Use Cal Kit Model Connector Impedance with Male with Female Number Type Test Ports Test Ports 75 Ω HP 85039B type-F 75 Ω HP 85036B type-N 75 Ω HP 85036E type-N 50 Ω HP 85032B type-N 50 Ω...
Page 74 Making Measurements Measuring S-Parameters using a Two-Port Calibration Chapter 6 provides detail about when a user-deﬁned calibration is necessary, and information about other calibrations available for S-parameter measurements. If you wish to perform a two-port calibration on your insertable device, execute the following steps: 1.
Page 75 Making Measurements Measuring S-Parameters using a Two-Port Calibration Port 1: Open, Short, Load Connections Port 2: Open, Short, Load Connections 5. Press Measure Standard after connecting each standard. 6. Next, the instrument prompts you to connect three standards (open, short, and load) to port 2. Instead of connecting the standards directly to port 2, connect them to the open end of the cable.
Page 76 Making Measurements Measuring S-Parameters using a Two-Port Calibration Connect the DUT. Figure 3-7 Equipment Setup for an S-Parameter Measurement of an Insertable Two-Port Device View and Interpret the S-Parameter Measurement Results. 1. To view the entire measurement trace on the display, press SCALE Autoscale 2.
Page 77 (Z ), insertion loss, and electrical delay. The adapters in most HP calibration kits have matched electrical lengths, even if the physical lengths appear different. For analyzers with 50 ohm input impedance only: in the 50 ohm type-N...
Page 78 Making Measurements Measuring S-Parameters using a Two-Port Calibration 4. Press Prior Menu Prior Menu User 2-Port User 2-Port . If you want to correct for crosstalk errors, toggle the Isolation on OFF key ON (for more information about isolation, refer to the deﬁnition of a user two-port calibration in Chapter 5.
Page 79 Making Measurements Measuring S-Parameters using a Two-Port Calibration Port 1: Open, Short, Load Connections Port 2: Open, Short, Load Connections 6. Remove adapter A, and place adapter B (type-N(m) to type-N(m)) on port 1. Adapter B becomes the effective test port. 7.
Page 80 Making Measurements Measuring S-Parameters using a Two-Port Calibration NOTE Changing sweep frequencies (and other source parameters) may affect your calibration. See Chapter 6 for more information. Connect the DUT. 12. Measure the test device with adapter B in place as shown in Figure 3-9.
Page 81 NOTE For analyzers with 50 ohm input impedance only: in the 50 ohm type-N calibration kit (HP 85032B), there are four equal adapters: two APC-7-to-type-N(f), and two APC-7-to-type-N(m). To create the adapter in the following example, connect two APC-7-to-type-N(f) adapters.
Page 82 Making Measurements Measuring S-Parameters using a Two-Port Calibration Figure 3-10 Port 2: Short Connection to the Adapter 7. Select the delay format for your measurement by pressing FORMAT Delay 8. Press to automatically select marker 1 as the active MARKER marker.
Page 83 Making Measurements Measuring S-Parameters using a Two-Port Calibration 13. Determine the offset delay of the calibration short: • Press Operating Parameters SYSTEM OPTIONS • Press Next Screen until the Cal Kit screen is displayed. In the “CAL KIT: Port 2,” display, ﬁnd the numeric value for the delay of the short.
Page 84 Making Measurements Measuring S-Parameters using a Two-Port Calibration 19. Assign User Cal Kit A to port 1. (This User Cal Kit is assigned to both port 1 and port 2 since these ports are connected with the same adapter during the calibration.) To do so: •...
Page 85 Making Measurements Measuring S-Parameters using a Two-Port Calibration 23. When the instrument prompts you, connect three standards (open, short, and load) to the port 1 test cable as shown in the graphic on the following page. 24. Press Measure Standard after connecting each standard.
Page 86 Making Measurements Measuring S-Parameters using a Two-Port Calibration NOTE Changing sweep frequencies (and other source parameters) may affect your calibration. See Chapter 6 for more information. Connect the DUT. 28. Measure the test device using the setup shown in Figure 3-12.
Page 87 For analyzers with 50 ohm input impedance only: in the 50 ohm type-N calibration kit (HP 85032B), select the APC-7-to-type-N(f) adapter and in the 3.5 mm calibration kit (HP 85033D), select the APC-7-to-3.5 mm(f) adapter. Connect these two adapters to create the type-N-to-3.5 mm female-to-female adapter in the following example.
Page 88 Making Measurements Measuring S-Parameters using a Two-Port Calibration Figure 3-13 Port 2: Short Connection to the Adapter 8. Select the delay format for your measurement by pressing FORMAT Delay 9. Press to automatically select marker 1 as the active MARKER marker.
Page 89 Making Measurements Measuring S-Parameters using a Two-Port Calibration 14. Subtract this value from the value calculated in Step 12. This corresponds to the delay of the adapter. 15. Remove the short from the adapter. 16. Modify the Port 1 calibration kit deﬁnition of the through-standard by entering the electrical delay of the female-to-female adapter.
Page 90 Making Measurements Measuring S-Parameters using a Two-Port Calibration If you want to enter a cal kit description in the display’s table, press . Use a keyboard connected to the Add Kit Description analyzer’s DIN KEYBOARD connector to enter the description. (If you don’t have a keyboard, you can use the analyzer’s Select Char keys or the front panel knob and the...
Page 91 Making Measurements Measuring S-Parameters using a Two-Port Calibration 23. When the instrument prompts you, connect three 3.5 mm standards (open, short, and load) to the port 1 test cable as shown in the graphic on the following page. 24. Press Measure Standard after connecting each standard.
Page 92: View And Interpret The S-Parameter Measurement Results
Making Measurements Measuring S-Parameters using a Two-Port Calibration NOTE Changing sweep frequencies (and other source parameters) may affect your calibration. See Chapter 6 for more information. Connect the DUT. 28. Measure the test device using the setup shown in Figure 3-15.
Page 93: Transmission Using An Enhanced Response Calibration
Making Measurements Measuring S21 Forward Transmission using an Enhanced Response Calibration Measuring S Forward Transmission using an Enhanced Response Calibration This section uses an example measurement to describe how to calibrate for and make an S measurement. The same general concepts apply for an S measurement.
Page 94: Enter The Measurement Parameters
Making Measurements Measuring S21 Forward Transmission using an Enhanced Response Calibration Enter the Measurement Parameters Press User Preset Factory Preset ) on the analyzer PRESET to set the analyzer to the default mode which includes measuring S measurement channel 1. This example measurement uses the default instrument parameters for NOTE an S...
Page 95 For Use For Use Cal Kit Model Connector Impedance with Male with Female Number Type Test Ports Test Ports 75 Ω HP 85039B type-F 75 Ω HP 85036B type-N 75 Ω HP 85036E type-N 50 Ω HP 85032B type-N 50 Ω...
Page 96 Making Measurements Measuring S21 Forward Transmission using an Enhanced Response Calibration Calibrating for Insertable Devices When doing a through-standard calibration, normally the test ports mate directly together. For example, two cables with the appropriate connectors can be connected directly without a through adapter, resulting in a zero-length through-standard.
Page 97: Connect The Dut
Making Measurements Measuring S21 Forward Transmission using an Enhanced Response Calibration 4. The analyzer will measure each standard and then calculate the new calibration coefﬁcients. The message "Calibration complete." will appear for a few seconds when the analyzer is done calculating the new error correction array.
Page 98: View And Interpret The S21 Measurement Results
Making Measurements Measuring S21 Forward Transmission using an Enhanced Response Calibration View and Interpret the S21 Measurement Results 1. To view the entire measurement trace on the display, press SCALE Autoscale 2. To interpret the measurement, refer to Figure 3-17, “Example of an S21 Measurement Display,”...
Page 99 Making Measurements Measuring S21 Forward Transmission using an Enhanced Response Calibration Figure 3-17 Example of an S Measurement Display 5. See “Using Markers” on page 4-3 in for more detailed information on using markers to interpret measurements. NOTE For the measurement to be valid, input signals must fall within the dynamic range of the analyzer.
Page 100: Measuring S11 Reﬂection Port 1 Using A One-Port Calibration
Making Measurements Measuring S11 Reﬂection Port 1 using a One-Port Calibration Measuring S Reﬂection Port 1 using a One-Port Calibration This section uses an example measurement to describe how to calibrate for and make an S measurement. The same general concepts apply for an S measurement.
Page 101: Enter The Measurement Parameters
Making Measurements Measuring S11 Reﬂection Port 1 using a One-Port Calibration Enter the Measurement Parameters Press the following keys on the analyzer: PRESET User Preset Factory Preset MEAS 1 S11 Reﬂ Port1 NOTE This example measurement uses the default instrument parameters for an S measurement.
Page 102 For Use For Use Cal Kit Model Connector Impedance with Male with Female Number Type Test Ports Test Ports 75 Ω HP 85039B type-F 75 Ω HP 85036B type-N 75 Ω HP 85036E type-N 50 Ω HP 85032B type-N 50 Ω...
Page 103 Making Measurements Measuring S11 Reﬂection Port 1 using a One-Port Calibration Chapter 6 provides detail about when this calibration is necessary, and information about other calibrations available for S measurements. If you wish to perform a one-port reﬂection calibration on your instrument for an S measurement, execute the following steps: 1.
Page 104: Connect The Dut
Making Measurements Measuring S11 Reﬂection Port 1 using a One-Port Calibration Connect the DUT Figure 3-19 Equipment Setup for an S Measurement of a Two-Port Device NOTE If you connect the DUT between both analyzer ports, it is recommended that you use a 10 dB pad on the output of the DUT to improve measurement accuracy.
Page 105 Making Measurements Measuring S11 Reﬂection Port 1 using a One-Port Calibration Figure 3-20 Equipment Setup for an S Measurement of a One-Port Device ES User’s Guide 3-53...
Page 106: View And Interpret The S11 Measurement Results
Making Measurements Measuring S11 Reﬂection Port 1 using a One-Port Calibration View and Interpret the S11 Measurement Results 1. To view the entire measurement trace on the display, press SCALE Autoscale 2. To interpret the reﬂection measurement, refer to Figure 3-21, “Example of an S11 Measurement Display,”...
Page 107 Making Measurements Measuring S11 Reﬂection Port 1 using a One-Port Calibration Figure 3-21 Example of an S Measurement Display 3. To quickly determine the ﬁlter's return loss, press MARKER then use the front panel knob, the keys, or the numeric keypad to read the value of return loss at the desired frequency.
Page 108: Making A Power Measurement Using Broadband Detection
Making Measurements Making a Power Measurement using Broadband Detection Making a Power Measurement using Broadband Detection Power measurements can be made using either narrowband or broadband detection. The example in this section is of a broadband power measurement. If you are only interested in the output power of your device at the same frequency as the analyzer's source, you can select Detection Options...
Page 109: Perform A Normalization Calibration
Making Measurements Making a Power Measurement using Broadband Detection CAUTION Damage to your analyzer will occur if the receiver input power exceeds +26 dBm or ±30 Vdc. The analyzer's source cannot exceed this level. However, if your DUT has gain, attenuation on the analyzer’s input port may be necessary.
Page 110: Connect The Dut
Making Measurements Making a Power Measurement using Broadband Detection 2. Set the following frequency parameters: FREQ Start 3. Press Normalize Normalize on OFF DISPLAY This stores the data into memory and divides subsequent measurements by the stored data to remove frequency response errors.
Page 111: View And Interpret The Power Measurement Results
Making Measurements Making a Power Measurement using Broadband Detection View and Interpret the Power Measurement Results Autoscale 1. To view the measurement trace, press SCALE 2. To interpret the power measurement, refer to Figure 3-24 or your analyzer's display if you are making this measurement on your instrument.
Page 112 Making Measurements Making a Power Measurement using Broadband Detection Figure 3-24 Example of a Power Measurement CAUTION If the analyzer's RF output power level is set to higher than the speciﬁed output power for your analyzer, the source could go unleveled. See Chapter 9, “Speciﬁcations,”...
Page 113: Measuring Conversion Loss
Making Measurements Measuring Conversion Loss Measuring Conversion Loss Conversion loss is the ratio of IF output power to RF input power expressed in dB. This section uses an example measurement to describe how to measure the conversion loss of a broadband mixer. When characterizing a device's conversion loss, the analyzer uses broadband detection to compare the transmitted signal (B*) to the reference signal (R*).
Page 114: Enter The Measurement Parameters
Making Measurements Measuring Conversion Loss Inserting a 700 MHz bandpass ﬁlter in the measurement setup removes the unwanted signals at 200 MHz, 900 MHz, and 1100 MHz, providing an accurate measurement of the desired IF signal at 700 MHz. In the following example, the conversion loss of a mixer will be measured with RF input frequencies over a 15 MHz span centered at 900 MHz.
Page 115 Making Measurements Measuring Conversion Loss Figure 3-26 Through-Cable Connection 2. Set the following frequency parameters: FREQ Center Span This sets the analyzer frequency range to sweep over the passband of the IF ﬁlter (700 MHz). 3. Press Normalize Normalize on OFF DISPLAY This stores the ﬁlter response passband into memory, and sets up a normalized trace so that the ﬁlter response magnitude is removed...
Page 116: Connect The Dut
Making Measurements Measuring Conversion Loss Connect the DUT Figure 3-27 Equipment Setup for a Conversion Loss Measurement 3-64 ES User’s Guide...
Page 117: View And Interpret The Conversion Loss Results
Making Measurements Measuring Conversion Loss View and Interpret the Conversion Loss Results 1. If necessary to view the measurement trace, press SCALE Autoscale 2. To interpret the conversion loss measurement, refer to Figure 3-28, “Example of a Conversion Loss Measurement,” or your analyzer's display if you are making this measurement on your instrument.
Page 118 Making Measurements Measuring Conversion Loss Figure 3-28 Example of a Conversion Loss Measurement For the measurement to be valid, input signals must fall within the NOTE dynamic range and frequency range of the analyzer. See Chapter 5 techniques to increase the dynamic range of the analyzer. 3-66 ES User’s Guide...
Page 119: Making Measurements With The Auxiliary Input
Making Measurements Making Measurements with the Auxiliary Input Making Measurements with the Auxiliary Input The auxiliary input (AUX INPUT) is located on the rear panel of your analyzer. See Figure 7-2, “Analyzer Connectors—Rear Panel BNC Connectors,”on page 7-4. This input is designed to monitor sweep-related dc control signals of devices generally used in conjunction with the analyzer, such as a dc-biased ampliﬁer, or a voltage controlled oscillator (VCO).
Page 120: Auxiliary Input Characteristics
Making Measurements Making Measurements with the Auxiliary Input Auxiliary Input Characteristics Nominal impedance 10 kΩ ± (3% of the auxiliary Accuracy input reading + 20 mV) ±10 V Calibrated range ±15 V Usable range ±15 V Maximum input ±15.1 V Damage Level 3-68 ES User’s Guide...
Page 121: Measuring Group Delay
Making Measurements Measuring Group Delay Measuring Group Delay The phase linearity of many devices is speciﬁed in terms of group delay. This is especially true of telecommunications components and systems where phase distortion is critical. Group delay is a measure of transit time through the DUT as a function of frequency.
Page 122: Enter The Measurement Parameters
Making Measurements Measuring Group Delay An optimum calibration is critical for achieving best measurement accuracy. Refer to Chapter 6, “Calibrating for Increased Measurement Accuracy,” for detailed information about all of the various aspects of calibration. Phase-derived delay cannot be used to measure frequency-translating NOTE devices.
Page 123: Perform A User Two-Port Calibration
Making Measurements Measuring Group Delay Perform a User Two-Port Calibration Refer to the section “Measuring S-Parameters using a Two-Port Calibration” on page 3-19 for examples of how to perform a user two-port calibration. Connect the DUT Figure 3-29 Equipment Setup for a Group Delay Measurement View and Interpret the Group Delay Measurement Results 1.
Page 124 Making Measurements Measuring Group Delay 3. To quickly determine the ﬁlter's maximum delay point, press − Marker Search Max Search > Max MARKER 4. Note the marker readout in Figure 3-30 provides the frequency and delay (in nanoseconds) of the maximum delay point. Figure 3-30 Example of a Phase-Derived Delay Measurement Display 5.
Page 125: Measuring Impedance Using The Smith Chart
Making Measurements Measuring Impedance using the Smith Chart Measuring Impedance using the Smith Chart The amount of power reﬂected from a device is directly related to the impedances of both the device and the measuring system; for example, the value of the complex reﬂection coefﬁcient Γ is equal to 0 only when the device impedance and the system impedance are exactly the same.
Page 126: Enter The Measurement Parameters
Making Measurements Measuring Impedance using the Smith Chart Enter the Measurement Parameters Press the following keys on the analyzer: PRESET User Preset Factory Preset MEAS 1 S11 Reﬂ Port1 Center FREQ Span This example measurement uses the default instrument parameters for NOTE an S measurement.
Page 127: Connect The Dut
Making Measurements Measuring Impedance using the Smith Chart Connect the DUT Figure 3-31 Equipment Setup for an S Measurement of a Two-Port Device NOTE If you connect the DUT between both analyzer ports, it is recommended that you use a 10 dB pad on the output of the DUT to improve measurement accuracy.
Page 128: View And Interpret The Impedance Measurement Results
Making Measurements Measuring Impedance using the Smith Chart Figure 3-32 Equipment Setup for an S Measurement of a One-Port Device View and Interpret the Impedance Measurement Results 1. Press FORMAT Smith Chart 2. To interpret the impedance measurement, refer to Figure 3-33 for the following discussion:...
Page 129 Making Measurements Measuring Impedance using the Smith Chart Figure 3-33 Interpreting the Smith Chart d. The magnitude and phase of the reﬂection coefﬁcient, Γ, can be determined in the following two ways. i. Reading the Smith chart as follows: • ρ = |Γ| = the distance from the measurement point to the center point on the chart.
Page 130 Making Measurements Measuring Impedance using the Smith Chart ii. Displaying the measurement in polar format and using the marker readout of magnitude and phase. To do so, press Polar FORMAT Figure 3-34 Determining the Magnitude and Phase of the Reﬂection Coefﬁcient 3-78 ES User’s Guide...
Page 131 Making Measurements Measuring Impedance using the Smith Chart Figure 3-35 shows an example of an actual measurement. Note the marker readout in the upper right corner of the display. The marker values are frequency, resistance, reactance, and the equivalent capacitance or inductance, respectively. Figure 3-35 Example of an Impedance Measurement ES User’s Guide...
Page 132: Measuring Impedance Magnitude
Making Measurements Measuring Impedance Magnitude Measuring Impedance Magnitude The impedance (Z) of a DUT can be calculated from the measured reﬂection or transmission coefﬁcient. The impedance magnitude format allows measurement of impedance versus frequency or power. This measurement can be useful for many types of devices, including resonators and discrete passive components.
Page 133: How The Transmission Measurement Works
Making Measurements Measuring Impedance Magnitude Figure 3-36 Impedance Calculation for Reﬂection Measurements How the Transmission Measurement Works In a transmission measurement, the data can be converted to its equivalent mathematical series impedance using the model and equations shown in Figure 3-37.
Page 134 Making Measurements Measuring Impedance Magnitude cannot correct for load match errors, the results of the transmission transform are less accurate than the reﬂection transform. To minimize these errors, a good load match is recommended. One way to achieve this is to use an attenuator on the load side of the device, as shown in Figure 3-38.
Page 135: Using Instrument Functions
Using Instrument Functions ES User’s Guide...
Page 136: Introduction
Using Instrument Functions Introduction Introduction This chapter explains some common analyzer functions that can help you to examine, store, and print measurement data. The following functions are explained in this chapter: • “Using Markers” on page 4-3 • “Using Limit Testing” on page 4-28 •...
Page 137: Using Markers
Using Instrument Functions Using Markers Using Markers The markers provide numerical readout of trace data. Markers have a stimulus value (the x-axis value in a Cartesian format) and a response value (the y-axis value in a Cartesian format). In Smith chart format, markers have a stimulus value, a resistive value, a reactive value, and a complex impedance value.
Page 138 Using Instrument Functions Using Markers NOTE The frequency position of the markers is coupled between the two measurement channels. Changing the frequency of a marker on one measurement channel will also change the frequency of the marker on the other measurement channel. The examples in this section are shown with an S forward transmission measurement of a ﬁlter.
Page 139: To Activate Markers
Using Instrument Functions Using Markers To Activate Markers 1. Press the key to activate marker 1. MARKER 2. To activate markers 2 through 4, use the softkeys. For example, press softkey to activate marker 3. To activate markers 5 through 8, ﬁrst press More Markers and then the softkey that corresponds to...
Page 140: To Turn Markers Off
Using Instrument Functions Using Markers To Turn Markers Off 1. All markers can be turned off by pressing All Off MARKER 2. To turn off an individual marker, make it the active marker by pressing its corresponding softkey, and then press Active Marker Off (accessed by pressing More Markers...
Page 141: To Use Marker Search Functions
Using Instrument Functions Using Markers To Use Marker Search Functions Markers can be used to: • search a measurement trace for maximum or minimum points • search for a target value • automatically calculate bandwidth or notch parameters of ﬁlters •...
Page 142 Using Instrument Functions Using Markers Figure 4-3 Markers at Minimum and Maximum Values − − Using the Next As explained previously, pressing will > Max > Min Peak and Next Min place a marker on the maximum and minimum points on the Functions measurement trace, respectively.
Page 143 Using Instrument Functions Using Markers Figure 4-4 Peak and Minimum Search Criteria When the maximum or minimum point is at or near either edge of the display, the excursion requirement is satisﬁed by a half of a division excursion on just one side of the maximum (or minimum). See Figure 4-5.
Page 144 Using Instrument Functions Using Markers To Search for Target Values 1. Press Prior Menu Prior Menu All Off Marker Search Target Search 2. Press Target Value to choose the target level and enter the target value. (The default value is −3 dB.) 3.
Page 145 Using Instrument Functions Using Markers −6 to change the −3 dB bandwidth target level to 2. Press ENTER −6 dB. 3. If you want to change the marker frequency resolution, press Disp Freq Resolution and enter a different resolution FREQ value.
Page 146 Using Instrument Functions Using Markers −6 dB Bandwidth Marker Search Figure 4-6 4-12 ES User’s Guide...
Page 147 Using Instrument Functions Using Markers To Search for Notch Values NOTE The notch search function is intended for transmission or power measurements in log mag format only. 1. To follow along with this example, you will need to connect a notch ﬁlter to the analyzer in place of the bandpass ﬁlter shown in Figure 4-2.
Page 148 Using Instrument Functions Using Markers −6 dB Notch Marker Search Figure 4-7 To Use Multi-Peak Multi-peak and multi-notch searches are designed for use when or Multi-Notch measuring multi-pole ﬁlters. Both automatically search the Search measurement trace from left to right, and position a marker at each local maximum or minimum.
Page 149 Using Instrument Functions Using Markers Figure 4-8 Peak and Minimum Search Criteria When the maximum or minimum point is at or near either edge of the display, the excursion requirement is satisﬁed by a half of a division excursion on just one side of the maximum (or minimum). See Figure 4-9.
Page 150 Using Instrument Functions Using Markers Connect a multi-pole ﬁlter and press MARKER Marker Search More Multi Peak if measuring a multi-pole bandpass ﬁlter, or MultiNotch if measuring a multi-pole notch ﬁlter. Figure 4-10, “Multi-Peak Search Mode,” Figure 4-11, “Multi-Notch Search Mode,” for examples of a multi-peak and a multi-notch search, respectively.
Page 151 Using Instrument Functions Using Markers Figure 4-11 Multi-Notch Search Mode ES User’s Guide 4-17...
Page 152: To Use Marker Math Functions
Using Instrument Functions Using Markers To Use Marker Math Functions The three marker math functions—statistics, ﬂatness, and RF ﬁlter stats—perform certain mathematical calculations on the amplitude data of user-deﬁned trace segments. For measurement channel 1, the trace segment is deﬁned with markers 1 and 2;...
Page 153 Using Instrument Functions Using Markers Figure 4-12 Marker Statistics Function ES User’s Guide 4-19...
Page 154 Using Instrument Functions Using Markers The marker ﬂatness search function measures a user-deﬁned segment of To Use Marker Flatness the measurement trace and calculates the following: • frequency span • gain • slope • ﬂatness The analyzer calculates ﬂatness by drawing a straight line between the markers.
Page 155 Using Instrument Functions Using Markers Figure 4-13 Marker Flatness Function ES User’s Guide 4-21...
Page 156 Using Instrument Functions Using Markers The RF ﬁlter statistics function measures both the passband and the To Use RF Filter Statistics stopband (reject-band) of a ﬁlter with a single sweep. 1. On measurement channel 1, press and place marker 1 at MARKER the beginning of the passband and marker 2 at the end of the passband.
Page 157 Using Instrument Functions Using Markers Figure 4-14 RF Filter Statistics Function ES User’s Guide 4-23...
Page 158: To Use Delta (∆) Marker Mode
Using Instrument Functions Using Markers To Use Delta (∆) Marker Mode In delta marker mode, a reference marker is placed at the active marker position. All marker values are then displayed in reference to this delta marker. When the amplitude of the measurement trace changes, the reference marker value also changes.
Page 159 Using Instrument Functions Using Markers Figure 4-15 Delta Marker Mode ES User’s Guide 4-25...
Page 160: To Use Other Marker Functions
Using Instrument Functions Using Markers To Use Other Marker Functions The marker to center frequency function changes the analyzer's center To Use Marker to Center Frequency frequency to that of the active marker and limits the span if necessary. If the markers are all off, and this function is selected, it ﬁrst turns on marker 1 at its previous setting or, if no previous setting, at the center frequency (default).
Page 161: To Use Polar Format Markers
Using Instrument Functions Using Markers To Use Polar Format Markers The analyzer displays the polar marker values as magnitude and phase. You can use these markers only when you are viewing a polar display format. The polar format is accessed by pressing Polar FORMAT To Use Smith Chart Markers...
Page 162: Using Limit Testing
Using Instrument Functions Using Limit Testing Using Limit Testing Limit testing is a measurement technique that compares measurement data to constraints that you deﬁne. Depending on the results of this comparison, the analyzer can indicate if your device either passes or fails the test.
Page 163: To Create A Flat Limit Line
Using Instrument Functions Using Limit Testing To Create a Flat Limit Line In this example, you will create a minimum limit line from 155 MHz to 195 MHz at a level of −3 dB. 1. To access the limit line menu, press Limit Menu DISPLAY 2.
Page 164: To Create A Sloping Limit Line
Using Instrument Functions Using Limit Testing To Create a Sloping Limit Line A sloping limit line has different values for its begin and end limits. In this example, you will create a sloping limit line between 130 MHz and 155 MHz with a beginning level of −35 dB and an ending level of −3 dB. 1.
Page 165 Using Instrument Functions Using Limit Testing Figure 4-16 Limit Lines ES User’s Guide 4-31...
Page 166: To Create A Single Point Limit
Using Instrument Functions Using Limit Testing To Create a Single Point Limit Sometimes you may only be interested in the power level at one particular frequency. In this case, you may wish to use a single point limit. In the following example, use the setup from the previous examples and assume that your bandpass ﬁlter’s speciﬁed insertion loss at 174 MHz must be less than 3 dB.
Page 167 Using Instrument Functions Using Limit Testing 1. This limit test requires that you ﬁrst deﬁne a segment on the Statistical Mean measurement trace using markers 1 and 2 (or markers 3 and 4 for measurement channel 2). Then press MARKER Marker Functions Marker Math Statistics...
Page 168 Using Instrument Functions Using Limit Testing 5. Press and enter Prior Menu Edit Limit (Min/Max) Min Limit the minimum limit using the front panel keypad and terminating the entry with the key. ENTER Note that there are no visible limit lines or indicators on the display with NOTE this limit test function.
Page 169 Using Instrument Functions Using Limit Testing This marker limit test allows you to set marker 1 as an amplitude Delta Amplitude reference against which marker 2 is limit tested. 1. This limit test requires that you ﬁrst use marker 1 to determine the reference amplitude: Press , and then use the front MARKER...
Page 170: To Use Relative Limits
Using Instrument Functions Using Limit Testing To Use Relative Limits There may be times when you are interested in the shape of a measurement trace, but not concerned with the absolute amplitude. For example, Figure 4-16 on page 4-31 shows limit lines created for tuning a ﬁlter to a particular shape.
Page 171: Other Limit Line Functions
Using Instrument Functions Using Limit Testing Other Limit Line Functions Using the Limit Line ON off softkey toggles any created limit lines on To Turn Limit Lines On and Off and off; it does not delete them. You can still use the limit test function (pass/fail) without the limit lines appearing on the display screen.
Page 172 Using Instrument Functions Using Limit Testing You can toggle on or off the pass/fail indicator text (which contains the To Turn the Pass/Fail measurement channel number and the word "pass" or "fail," such as Indicator Text and 1:FAIL) by pressing Limit Menu Limit Options DISPLAY...
Page 173: Additional Notes On Limit Testing
Using Instrument Functions Using Limit Testing Additional Notes on Limit Testing In frequency sweep mode, the stimulus values are interpreted as Stimulus and Amplitude Values frequencies; in power sweep mode, the stimulus values are interpreted as output power levels. CAUTION The values entered for stimulus and amplitude are unitless.
Page 174 Using Instrument Functions Using Limit Testing Example 1 When using a small number of measurement points, limit lines must be set carefully, or the results may be confusing. The following illustration shows a data trace with three measurement points: A, B, and C, along with a minimum limit line.
Page 175 Using Instrument Functions Using Limit Testing Example 2 In this example, the analyzer has been set up with the following parameters: • Start frequency = 90 MHz • Stop frequency = 210 MHz • Number of points = 11 • Maximum limit line begin frequency = 90 MHz •...
Page 176: Using Reference Tracking
Using Instrument Functions Using Reference Tracking Using Reference Tracking The reference tracking functions allow you to track either the peak point or a certain frequency of a measurement trace. It does this by adjusting the reference level with each sweep so that the point of interest always falls on the display reference line.
Page 177: To Track The Peak Point
Using Instrument Functions Using Reference Tracking To Track the Peak Point 1. If you want to move the reference position (indicated by the symbol on the left side of the display), press Reference Position SCALE and then use the front panel knob, the keys, or the numeric keypad to enter a new reference position.
Page 178: To Track A Frequency
Using Instrument Functions Using Reference Tracking To Track a Frequency 1. If you want to move the reference position (indicated by the symbol on the left side of the display), press Reference Position SCALE and then use the front panel knob, the keys, or the numeric keypad to enter a new reference position.
Page 179: Customizing The Display
Using Instrument Functions Customizing the Display Customizing the Display The analyzer's display can be customized in several ways: • You can choose to view one or both measurement channels using the split display feature. • You can turn on or off features such as the display graticule and limit lines.
Page 180: Using The Split Display Feature
Using Instrument Functions Customizing the Display Using the Split Display Feature When using both measurement channels, you can choose to either view both of them simultaneously on one full-size display, or use the split screen feature. To use the split display feature, press More Display DISPLAY Split Disp FULL split...
Page 181: Enabling/Disabling Display Features
Using Instrument Functions Customizing the Display Enabling/Disabling Display Features Figure 4-21 shows a display screen with graticule lines (the measurement grid), and two limit lines. In the default or preset state, these lines are turned on. Figure 4-21 Display Features ES User’s Guide 4-47...
Page 182: Modifying Display Annotation
Using Instrument Functions Customizing the Display 1. To turn on/off the graticule, press DISPLAY More Display Graticule ON off This softkey toggles the display graticule on and off. 2. To turn on/off the limit line or point, press Limit Menu DISPLAY Limit Options Limit Line on OFF...
Page 183 Using Instrument Functions Customizing the Display Figure 4-22 The Display Annotation ES User’s Guide 4-49...
Page 184 Using Instrument Functions Customizing the Display The following display annotation areas can be modiﬁed or turned on or off: • Measurement title and clock • Measurement channel annotation • Frequency annotation • Marker annotation • Marker number • Y-axis labels •...
Page 185 Using Instrument Functions Customizing the Display The measurement channel annotation at the top of the display screen Measurement Channel can be modiﬁed through the use of SCPI commands. See the Automating Annotation Measurements User’s Guide Supplement for more information. To turn the measurement channel annotation on or off, press DISPLAY More Display Annotation Options Meas Annot ON off...
Page 186: Expanding The Displayed Measurement
Using Instrument Functions Customizing the Display Expanding the Displayed Measurement Normally, the displayed measurement is limited in size due to the softkey menu and the surrounding annotation. The expanded display feature removes these size-limiting factors, with the exception of annotation inside the normal graticule, and expands the display to the full screen size.
Page 187 Using Instrument Functions Customizing the Display Figure 4-23 Normal Display ES User’s Guide 4-53...
Page 188 Using Instrument Functions Customizing the Display Figure 4-24 Expanded Display 4-54 ES User’s Guide...
Page 189: Saving And Recalling Measurement Results
Using Instrument Functions Saving and Recalling Measurement Results Saving and Recalling Measurement Results The network analyzer allows you to save the following information to internal memory or to a DOS-formatted 3.5” ﬂoppy disk in the analyzer's built-in disk drive: Instrument State Instrument state settings consist of all the stimulus and response parameters that set up the analyzer to...
Page 190 Saving and Recalling Measurement Results Special Note for Owners of Older Model Analyzers NOTE (HP 8711A, HP 8711B/12B/13B/14B, HP 8711C/12C/13C/14C) If you own one of these older model analyzers, there are some compatibility issues you should be aware of: • The "A" and "B" model analyzers allowed you to save to a LIF formatted ﬂoppy disk.
Page 191: Saving Instrument Data
Using Instrument Functions Saving and Recalling Measurement Results Saving Instrument Data When you save data to a ﬁle, the analyzer automatically selects a ﬁle name for you. Since these names may not be as descriptive as desirable, you may change the name of the ﬁle after it has been saved, or you can save it to a ﬁle name of your choice by using the Re-Save State function.
Page 192 The ﬁlename appears on the screen as STATE#.STA (where # is a number the analyzer selects from 0 to 999). 3. If you own older model network analyzers (HP 8711A, HP 8711B/12B/13B/14B, HP 8711C/12C/13C/14C), and you need your saved ﬁles to be recalled on any of these older model analyzers, select...
Page 193 Using Instrument Functions Saving and Recalling Measurement Results Your measurement data can be saved in an ASCII format that is To Save Measurement compatible with many personal computer software packages. Data in ASCII To save the measurement trace as an ASCII ﬁle: Format 1.
Page 194: To Recall From A Floppy Disk Or Internal Memory
Using Instrument Functions Saving and Recalling Measurement Results To Recall from a Floppy Disk or Internal Memory The network analyzer allows you to recall and display measurement results that you saved as STATE ﬁles. You can then compare the recalled measurements to subsequent measurements.
Page 195 Using Instrument Functions Saving and Recalling Measurement Results The fast recall feature allows you to recall an instrument state with just Using Fast Recall with the Front 1 or 2 key presses, or to cycle through up to seven different instrument Panel or a states with a foot switch or hand switch.
Page 196 Using Instrument Functions Saving and Recalling Measurement Results 11. With an external keyboard connected to the rear panel DIN connector, keys F1 through F7 are equivalent to pressing softkeys 1 through 7 on the analyzer. See “Using a Keyboard” on page 4-83 information on connecting and using an external keyboard.
Page 197: Other File Utilities
Using Instrument Functions Saving and Recalling Measurement Results Other File Utilities 1. Press and press the key that To Rename a File SAVE RECALL Select Disk corresponds to the disk where the desired ﬁle is located. 2. Use the front panel knob to move the highlighted bar to the ﬁle you want to rename.
Page 198 Enter Files on each disk can be accessed via HP-IB using SCPI commands, To Access Files from SCPI, IBASIC, directly from IBASIC, or over a LAN. The table below shows the names or FTP used for each disk.
Page 199: To Use Directory Utilities
Using Instrument Functions Saving and Recalling Measurement Results To Use Directory Utilities This section describes how to make directories so you can store ﬁles into categories, how to change between the various existing directories, and how to remove an unwanted directory. You can make directories for the analyzer's internal non-volatile RAM disk, the internal volatile RAM disk, and the 3.5”...
Page 200 Using Instrument Functions Saving and Recalling Measurement Results NOTE You can also change to a directory and use Make Directory to create a subdirectory. The number of characters in a directory and subdirectory path cannot exceed the MS-DOS limitation of 63. Change to a 1.
Page 201: Formatting A Floppy Disk
Using Instrument Functions Saving and Recalling Measurement Results Formatting a Floppy Disk Unformatted ﬂoppy disks must be formatted before you can save data on them. The analyzer's internal non-volatile RAM disk and internal volatile RAM disk do not need to be formatted. All information on the disk will be erased during the formatting process.
Page 202: Connecting And Conﬁguring Printers And Plotters
Some common compatible plotters are listed below (some are no longer available for purchase but are listed here for your reference). Also listed below is the address of an HP Web page that displays a current printer compatibility guide.
Page 203: Select An Appropriate Interface Cable
Using Instrument Functions Connecting and Conﬁguring Printers and Plotters Select an Appropriate Interface Cable If your peripheral is to be connected to HP-IB, choose one of the following cables: • HP 10833A HP-IB Cable, 1.0 m • HP 10833B HP-IB Cable, 2.0 m •...
Page 204: Connect The Printer Or Plotter
Using Instrument Functions Connecting and Conﬁguring Printers and Plotters Connect the Printer or Plotter 1. Turn off the analyzer and the printer or plotter. 2. Connect to one of the ports shown in Figure 4-26. Figure 4-26 Peripheral Connections 4-70 ES User’s Guide...
Page 205: Conﬁgure The Hardcopy Port
File PCL5 Internal 3.5” Disk File HPGL Non-Vol RAM Disk File Non-Vol RAM Disk File PCL5 Non-Vol RAM Disk HP LaserJet PCL5/6 PCL5 Parallel Port HP LaserJet PCL5/6 PCL5 RS232 Serial HP LaserJet PCL5/6 PCL5 HP-IB HP LaserJet PCL5/6 PCL5 ES User’s Guide...
Page 206 Using Instrument Functions Connecting and Conﬁguring Printers and Plotters The analyzer can send print commands in PCL5, PCL, Epson, or HP-GL languages. Recommended usages are: • Use PCL5 mode for maximum speed, if your printer supports it. HP LaserJet III/4/5 models support PCL5. Typical time to generate and send hardcopy output to a PCL5 printer is 1 to 10 seconds.
Page 207: Deﬁne The Printer Or Plotter Settings
Using Instrument Functions Connecting and Conﬁguring Printers and Plotters Deﬁne the Printer or Plotter Settings You will only have to do this setup once if you make all your hardcopies with the same printing or plotting device. Press Deﬁne PCL5 , and then Deﬁne Printer HARDCOPY...
Page 208 Using Instrument Functions Connecting and Conﬁguring Printers and Plotters 2. Select the type of printer you have: either Monochrome Color 3. Select the orientation of the paper to the information printed, either Portrait Landscape . The portrait choice orientates the printout vertically, the landscape orientates the printout horizontally.
Page 209 Using Instrument Functions Connecting and Conﬁguring Printers and Plotters Make the following selections in the analyzer menus: Deﬁning a Printer 1. Press Restore Defaults to restore the default parameters for a printer. The defaults are: Parameter Default Monochrome/Color Monochrome Orientation Portrait Auto Feed Printer Resolution...
Page 210 96, 192 Epson 60, 120, 240, 360 a. HP DeskJet 540 should not be used at 100 dpi. Top Margin : Sets the top margin (non-printing space) of the printout in mm. Minimum setting is 0.00 mm; maximum setting is 200.00 mm.
Page 211 Using Instrument Functions Connecting and Conﬁguring Printers and Plotters Make the following selections in the analyzer menus: Deﬁning a Plotter 1. Press Restore Defaults to restore the default parameters for a plotter. The defaults are: Parameter Default Monochrome/Color Monochrome Auto Feed Color Plotter Pen Numbers Trace 1 = Pen 1 Trace 2 = Pen 2...
Page 212: Printing And Plotting Measurement Results
ﬁle, you must select whether to store it on the analyzer's non-volatile RAM disk or a 3.5” ﬂoppy disk in the built-in disk drive. Also, you must select either an HP-GL, PCL5, or PCX ﬁle format. All of these formats can be imported to many personal computer (PC) applications such as word processors and drawing programs.
Page 213: To Deﬁne The Output
Using Instrument Functions Printing and Plotting Measurement Results To Deﬁne the Output The ﬁrst step in deﬁning the output is deciding which hardcopy components you want in your printout, plot, or ﬁle. To select your choice of format, press HARDCOPY Deﬁne Hardcopy and then one of the following selections.
Page 214 Using Instrument Functions Printing and Plotting Measurement Results Figure 4-27 Hardcopy Components and Formats Available 4-80 ES User’s Guide...
Page 215 Using Instrument Functions Printing and Plotting Measurement Results outputs only the marker table. (This selection List Trace Values allows printing of the limit-line table as well.) Figure 4-28 Trace Values NOTE Figure 4-28 shows the trace values for a transmission measurement in log mag format.
Page 216 Some DeskJets may not support 100 dpi resolution. If your plot is 2/3 size, use 150 dpi. b. These times were measured with the HP DeskJet 1200C in "paper-fast" mode. c. Do not use a color cartridge for mono print on single cartridge DeskJets.
Page 217: Using A Keyboard
DIN to mini-DIN (small 6-pin) adapter to connect the keyboard to the analyzer. These adapters are available as HP part no. 1252-4141. Contact the nearest HP sales or service ofﬁce for more information. ES User’s Guide...
Page 218: To Use The Keyboard To Edit
Should you misplace your keyboard template, you can reorder with HP part number 08712-80028. You can use the key combinations below with a keyboard connected to the rear panel of the analyzer to activate the indicated front panel hardkeys and softkeys.
Page 219 Using Instrument Functions Using a Keyboard Keyboard Front Panel Key Equivalents Keyboard Function Front Panel Equivalents Shift Ctrl Softkey 1 MEAS 1 SAVE RECALL Softkey 2 MEAS 2 HARD COPY Softkey 3 FREQ SYSTEM OPTIONS Softkey 4 POWER PRESET Softkey 5 SWEEP BEGIN Softkey 6...
Page 220 Using Instrument Functions Using a Keyboard Print capabilities: When you use the analyzer HARDCOPY function to dump a graph, you don't get the softkey menu that appears on the right-hand side of the analyzer display. Pressing Shift Print Screen on a keyboard will dump the current graph along with the current softkey menu.
Page 221: Using An External Vga Monitor
Using Instrument Functions Using an External VGA Monitor Using an External VGA Monitor The rear panel VIDEO OUT COLOR VGA connector can be connected to a VGA compatible monitor for enhanced measurement viewing. This section describes how to customize the color on an external VGA monitor. Refer to Chapter 7, “Front/Rear Panel,”...
Page 222 Using Instrument Functions Using an External VGA Monitor Item # Description Background Text User Graphics Pen 2 User Graphics Pen 3 User Graphics Pen 4 User Graphics Pen 5 User Graphics Pen 6 User Graphics Pen 7 Inactive Text Warning Text Graticule Trace 1 Mem 1...
Page 223: Synchronizing And Positioning The Display
Using Instrument Functions Using an External VGA Monitor NOTE All of the above color settings are retained when the analyzer is turned off or is preset. To restore the default colors, press DISPLAY More Display Color Options Factory Default Default 2 Synchronizing and Positioning the Display The analyzer provides a CRT adjustment feature which can be used to get an external monitor to synchronize properly, and to optimize the...
Page 224 Using Instrument Functions Using an External VGA Monitor 4-90 ES User’s Guide...
Page 225: Optimizing Measurements
Optimizing Measurements ES User’s Guide...
Page 226: Introduction
Optimizing Measurements Introduction Introduction This chapter describes techniques and analyzer functions that help you achieve the best measurement results. The following sections are included in this chapter: • “Increasing Sweep Speed” on page 5-3 • “Increasing Network Analyzer Dynamic Range” on page 5-9 •...
Page 227: Increasing Sweep Speed
• turn off alternate sweep • turn off markers and marker tracking • turn off spur avoidance • minimize frequency span to avoid bandcrossings (HP 8714ES only) Select the Appropriate Calibration Type The two-port method of calibration is the most accurate form of error correction for measuring two-port devices since it can account for all of the major sources of systematic error.
Page 228: To Increase The Start Frequency
Optimizing Measurements Increasing Sweep Speed To Increase the Start Frequency Since the analyzer sweeps frequencies below approximately 20 MHz at a slower rate, you can increase the start frequency to speed up the sweep. 1. Press Start FREQ 2. Enter the highest start frequency possible for your measurement. To Set the Sweep Time to AUTO Mode Auto sweep time mode (the factory preset instrument mode) maintains the fastest sweep speed possible for any particular measurement...
Page 229: To Reduce The Amount Of Averaging
Total cycle time is deﬁned as the time from the start of the sweep to the start of the next sweep. This graph was created with data from a setup on an HP 8714ES using...
Page 230: To View A Single Measurement Channel
Optimizing Measurements Increasing Sweep Speed Figure 5-1 Relationship between Frequency Span, Total Cycle Time, and Number of Points Note the following in the graph above: • As the frequency span decreases, the total cycle time generally decreases. • As the number of points decreases, the total cycle time decreases. To View a Single Measurement Channel If you are viewing both measurement channels but only need one, you can decrease measurement time by turning one of the channels off.
Page 231: To Turn Off Alternate Sweep
Optimizing Measurements Increasing Sweep Speed To Turn Off Alternate Sweep Alternate sweep is turned off when the analyzer is preset, but is automatically activated with some dual channel measurements. The alternate sweep feature sweeps and measures one channel at a time. By disengaging this feature, you increase the sweep speed by a factor of two.
Page 232: To Turn Off Spur Avoidance
If Spur Avoid must be used in your measurement, set the start frequency as high as possible to obtain the fastest possible sweeps. To Avoid Frequency Bandcrossings by Minimizing the Span (HP 8714ES only) Sweep time is increased when the analyzer encounters a bandcrossing point. The frequency bandcrossing points are approximately: •...
Page 233: Increasing Network Analyzer Dynamic Range
Optimizing Measurements Increasing Network Analyzer Dynamic Range Increasing Network Analyzer Dynamic Range Receiver dynamic range is the difference between the analyzer's maximum allowable input level and its noise ﬂoor. For a measurement to be valid, input signals must be within these boundaries. The dynamic range is affected by two factors: •...
Page 234: To Reduce The Receiver Noise Floor
Optimizing Measurements Increasing Network Analyzer Dynamic Range To Reduce the Receiver Noise Floor Receiver dynamic range is improved by reducing the system bandwidth and by increasing the averaging factor. Changing System Reducing the system bandwidth lowers the noise ﬂoor by digitally Bandwidth reducing the receiver input bandwidth.
Page 235 Optimizing Measurements Increasing Network Analyzer Dynamic Range In averaging mode, the analyzer measures each frequency point once per Changing Measurement sweep and averages the current and previous trace up to the averaging Averaging factor speciﬁed by the user. The instrument computes each data point based on an exponential average of consecutive sweeps weighted by the user-speciﬁed averaging factor.
Page 236: Reducing Trace Noise
Optimizing Measurements Reducing Trace Noise Reducing Trace Noise To help reduce the effect of noise on the data trace, you can use three analyzer functions to activate measurement averaging, reduce system bandwidth, and eliminate spurious responses. To Activate Averaging for Reducing Trace Noise The analyzer uses a weighted running average for averaging.
Page 237: To Eliminate Receiver Spurious Responses
Optimizing Measurements Reducing Trace Noise To Eliminate Receiver Spurious Responses Spurious responses are undesirable signals that result from various internal mixing products. The analyzer has two features to eliminate spurious responses. Both features shift the frequency of the spur without changing the RF output frequency.
Page 238 Optimizing Measurements Reducing Trace Noise When you activate spur avoidance, the analyzer sweeps to a point before Activating Spur Avoidance a spur, stops the sweep, shifts the spur, sweeps through the spur location, then shifts the spur back and continues the sweep. The analyzer determines which spurs need to be avoided with an algorithm based on frequencies, number of points, sweep time, and system bandwidth.
Page 239: Reducing Mismatch Errors
Optimizing Measurements Reducing Mismatch Errors Reducing Mismatch Errors Mismatch errors are due to the fact that the analyzer’s port impedances are not exactly 50 ohms or 75 ohms across the frequency range. Source match errors are produced on the source side of the DUT; load match errors on the load side.
Page 240: Reducing Mismatch Errors In A Transmission Measurement
Optimizing Measurements Reducing Mismatch Errors Reducing Mismatch Errors in a Transmission Measurement The best way to reduce mismatch errors in a transmission measurement of a two-port device is to perform a two-port calibration directly at the point that will connect to the DUT, using the exact frequency parameters that you will be using for the measurement.
Page 241: Reducing Mismatch Errors When Measuring Both Reﬂection And Transmission
Optimizing Measurements Reducing Mismatch Errors Reducing Mismatch Errors when Measuring Both Reﬂection and Transmission When you want to measure reﬂection and transmission simultaneously, or without changing the test setup, perform a two-port calibration. Though not as accurate as a two-port calibration, both a one-port calibration for reﬂection and an enhanced response calibration for transmission can be performed using the exact frequency parameters that you will be using for the measurement.
Page 242: Compensating For Phase Shift In Measurement Setups
Optimizing Measurements Compensating for Phase Shift in Measurement Setups Compensating for Phase Shift in Measurement Setups Port Extensions The port extension feature is used to compensate for the phase shift caused by the insertion of cables, adapters, and ﬁxtures into the measurement path.
Page 243 Optimizing Measurements Compensating for Phase Shift in Measurement Setups To use the port extension feature, press More Cal Port Extensions Port Ext's on OFF . When port extension is turned on, you can add delay independently to both ports. To add delay between PORT 1 and your DUT, press Port 1 Extension and enter the delay value.
Page 244: Electrical Delay
Optimizing Measurements Compensating for Phase Shift in Measurement Setups Electrical Delay Another type of reference plane extension is Electrical Delay accessible from the key. Electrical delay lets you add delay to SCALE your current measurement to compensate for phase shift. To ﬂatten the phase response at a certain frequency, use MARKER Marker Functions...
Page 245: Measuring Devices With Long Electrical Delay
Optimizing Measurements Measuring Devices with Long Electrical Delay Measuring Devices with Long Electrical Delay When making narrowband-receiver measurements of devices with long electrical delay, measured levels can be affected by the rate at which the source is changing frequency. This sensitivity is related to the time required for the source signal to travel through cables or devices which are connected between the analyzer’s two test ports.
Page 246 Optimizing Measurements Measuring Devices with Long Electrical Delay 5-22 ES User’s Guide...
Page 247: Calibrating For Increased Measurement Accuracy
Calibrating for Increased Measurement Accuracy ES User’s Guide...
Page 248: Introduction
Calibrating for Increased Measurement Accuracy Introduction Introduction This chapter ﬁrst explains measurement calibration in the section titled “Measurement Calibration Overview” on page 6-3. The sections following the overview provide instructions for choosing, performing, saving, and checking measurement calibrations. Each example measurement in Chapter 3, “Making Measurements,”...
Page 249: Measurement Calibration Overview
Calibrating for Increased Measurement Accuracy Measurement Calibration Overview Measurement Calibration Overview Measurement calibration is a process that improves measurement accuracy by using error correction arrays to compensate for systematic measurement errors. Measurement calibration is also called cal, accuracy enhancement, and error correction. Measurement errors are classiﬁed as random, drift, and systematic errors.
Page 250 Calibrating for Increased Measurement Accuracy Measurement Calibration Overview Frequency response errors (transmission and reﬂection tracking) are caused by differences between the frequency response of the receivers used during ratio measurements. Leakage errors result from energy leakage between signal paths. In transmission measurements, this leakage is due to crosstalk between test ports.
Page 251 Calibrating for Increased Measurement Accuracy Measurement Calibration Overview The analyzer has several methods of measuring and compensating for these test system errors. Each method removes one or more of the systematic errors using an equation called an error model. Measurement of high quality standards (short, open, load, and through, for example) allows the network analyzer to solve for the error terms in the error model.
Page 252 Calibrating for Increased Measurement Accuracy Measurement Calibration Overview To perform a quality calibration: • Use the highest quality standards available and take care of them. • When performing a user two-port, user one-port, or an enhanced response calibration, be sure to select the correct cal kit by pressing More Cal Cal Kit •...
Page 253: The Calibration Reference Plane
Calibrating for Increased Measurement Accuracy Measurement Calibration Overview The Calibration Reference Plane Most often you will not be connecting your DUT directly to the analyzer's front panel. More likely, you will be connecting your DUT to some sort of test ﬁxture or cable(s) that is connected to the analyzer. See Figure 6-3, “The Calibration Reference Plane.”...
Page 254: Default Versus User-Deﬁned Calibration
Calibrating for Increased Measurement Accuracy Default versus User-Deﬁned Calibration Default versus User-Deﬁned Calibration The analyzer features factory-installed default calibrations that use vector error correction, so that measurements can be made on many devices without performing a user-deﬁned calibration. These default calibrations are quick and convenient, but not as accurate as user-deﬁned calibrations.
Page 255: Calibration Choices
Calibrating for Increased Measurement Accuracy Calibration Choices Calibration Choices To choose the appropriate calibration method suited to your type of measurement, follow these steps: 1. Set up the analyzer for your measurement: • Select MEAS 1 MEAS 2 • Enter operating parameters other than the default. 2.
Page 256 Calibrating for Increased Measurement Accuracy Calibration Choices Table 6-1 Calibration Choices Measurement Type Calibration Choices Reﬂ Port 1 Default 1-Port Default 2-Port User 1-Port User 2-Port Fwd Trans Default Response Default 2-Port User Response: Response Response & Isolation Enhanced Response User 2-Port Normalize Rev Trans...
Page 257 Calibrating for Increased Measurement Accuracy Calibration Choices Figure 6-4 Calibration Choices (for S-parameter measurements only) ES User’s Guide 6-11...
Page 258: Retrieving Previous User-Deﬁned Calibrations
Calibrating for Increased Measurement Accuracy Calibration Choices Retrieving Previous User-Deﬁned Calibrations User-deﬁned calibrations that you have already performed may be available for you to use again. In some cases, you can retrieve these calibrations rather than perform new ones. The following user-deﬁned calibrations, if previously performed (and not cancelled by manually selecting a default calibration of the same type), may be retrieved when current instrument settings are compatible:...
Page 259: Presetting The Analyzer: How Calibration Is Affected
Calibrating for Increased Measurement Accuracy Calibration Choices NOTE A two-port calibration (default or user-deﬁned) that is selected on one measurement channel will automatically be selected on the other measurement channel, unless the alternate sweep feature has been selected. Presetting the Analyzer: How Calibration Is Affected Two-Port Calibration When the current calibration is a two-port calibration (user-deﬁned or...
Page 260: To Perform A Normalization Calibration
Calibrating for Increased Measurement Accuracy Calibration Choices To Perform a Normalization Calibration Normalization is the simplest type of calibration. The analyzer stores data into memory and divides subsequent measurements by the stored data to remove frequency response errors. Follow these general steps when performing a normalization calibration: 1.
Page 261: To Perform A Transmission Calibration
Calibrating for Increased Measurement Accuracy Calibration Choices To Perform a Transmission Calibration For a review of which systematic errors are removed by each type of transmission calibration, see the descriptions below. These calibrations are for narrowband-detection measurements only. For examples of performing a two-port calibration and an enhanced response calibration for a transmission measurement, refer to Chapter In general, follow these steps when performing a transmission...
Page 262 Calibrating for Increased Measurement Accuracy Calibration Choices Default 2-Port Restoring the default two-port calibration recalls error correction arrays that were calculated at the factory or during servicing and then permanently stored in memory. This two-port calibration was performed using full band (entire frequency span) and 401 frequency points, and corrects systematic errors caused by frequency response, load match, source match, and directivity.
Page 263 Calibrating for Increased Measurement Accuracy Calibration Choices Response & Isolation This method of calibration is only necessary when trying to achieve maximum dynamic range (>100 dB). A response and isolation calibration prompts you to connect loads to both ports and then to connect a through cable.
Page 264 Calibrating for Increased Measurement Accuracy Calibration Choices NOTE When toggled on, the Isolation on OFF softkey allows you to remove systematic errors caused by crosstalk. To select it, press User 2-Port Isolation on OFF User 2-Port . A two-port calibration always measures the same parameters, regardless of the setting of Isolation on OFF .
Page 265: To Perform A Reﬂection Calibration
Calibrating for Increased Measurement Accuracy Calibration Choices To Perform a Reﬂection Calibration For a review of which systematic errors are removed by each type of reﬂection calibration, see the descriptions below. These calibrations are for narrowband-detection measurements only. For examples of performing a two-port calibration and a one-port calibration for a reﬂection measurement, refer to Chapter In general, follow these steps when performing a reﬂection calibration:...
Page 266 Calibrating for Increased Measurement Accuracy Calibration Choices Default 2-Port Restoring the default two-port calibration recalls error correction arrays that were calculated at the factory or during servicing and then permanently stored in memory. This two-port calibration was performed using full band (entire frequency span) and 401 frequency points, and corrects systematic errors caused by frequency response, load match, source match, and directivity.
Page 267 Calibrating for Increased Measurement Accuracy Calibration Choices User 1-Port A one-port calibration prompts you to connect an open, a short, and a load to port 1 (for measuring S ), or port 2 (for measuring S ). The analyzer measures each standard across the frequency band you have deﬁned, using the number of points you have deﬁned.
Page 268: To Perform A Conversion Loss Calibration
Calibrating for Increased Measurement Accuracy Calibration Choices Reﬂection Calibration Interpolation Widening the frequency span after performing the user one-port or user two-port calibration will invalidate it, and restore the default calibration. You may narrow the span and the analyzer will interpolate between calibration points for the narrower span.
Page 269: Calibration Kits
Calibrating for Increased Measurement Accuracy Calibration Kits Calibration Kits When performing some user-deﬁned calibrations, you must select a calibration kit to match the port(s) at your calibration reference plane. A user two-port calibration requires you to select a calibration kit for each port.
Page 270 For Use For Use Cal Kit Model Connector Impedance with Male with Female Number Type Test Ports Test Ports 75 Ω HP 85039B type-F 75 Ω HP 85036B type-N 75 Ω HP 85036E type-N 50 Ω HP 85032B type-N 50 Ω...
Page 271: Creating A User-Deﬁned Calibration Kit
• Your port has a connector type listed under the Cal Kit menu, but your calibration standards (such as a short) have different characteristics than the standard HP calibration kits. • Your port has a connector type which does not correspond to one of the standard HP calibration kits.
Page 272 Calibrating for Increased Measurement Accuracy Calibration Kits NOTE Calibration kit deﬁnitions must be in DOS format. LIF format is not supported for cal kit deﬁnitions. 3. Verify performance. Step 1: Determine Determine the characteristics of the calibration standards you plan to the Characteristics use.
Page 273 Calibrating for Increased Measurement Accuracy Calibration Kits For all four standard types, the Z (characteristic impedance), Delay, and Loss must be set. For an open, C , and C , the capacitive model parameters, must also be set. When creating a user-deﬁned calibration kit, if a standard is not deﬁned, NOTE the currently deﬁned values for that standard will be retained.
Page 274 F/Hz For further information on calibration kits and determining standard characteristics, refer to HP Product Note 8510-5A (HP Publication No. 5956-4352). To view this product note on the Web, go to http://www.tmo.hp.com and select “Application Note Library.”...
Page 275 Calibrating for Increased Measurement Accuracy Calibration Kits Step 2: Create a User-Deﬁned Calibration Kit A user-deﬁned calibration kit can be created by either of these two methods: • Method A: use the softkeys under the Modify Kit menu. This method provides a convenient and quick way to modify calibration kit standards.
Page 276 "!" with a "$" directly after it. No characters are allowed between the "!" and the "$" on the ﬁrst line of a cal kit ﬁle. Standard Definitions for HP 85054B Precision Type-N Cal Kit. Definitions for 50 Ohm jack (FEMALE center contact) test NAME: Load this file into the User Cal Kit selected in the next line.
Page 277 To achieve more complete veriﬁcation of a particular measurement calibration, accurately known veriﬁcation standards with a diverse magnitude and phase response should be used. NIST-traceable standards (such as HP veriﬁcation standards) are recommended to achieve veriﬁable measurement accuracy. ES User’s Guide...
Page 278 Calibrating for Increased Measurement Accuracy Calibration Kits CAUTION The published speciﬁcations for your analyzer system include accuracy enhancement with compatible calibration kits. Measurement calibrations made with user-deﬁned calibration kits are not subject to those analyzer speciﬁcations. To preset one of the ten User Cal Kits (User Cal Kit A–J) to a type-N(f) calibration kit, press More Cal Cal Kit .
Page 279: Saving And Recalling The Calibration
Calibrating for Increased Measurement Accuracy Saving and Recalling the Calibration Saving and Recalling the Calibration Saving the Calibration After you have performed your calibration, it is automatically saved in non-volatile (battery-backed) memory. However, it will be overwritten with subsequent calibrations of the same type. To save your calibration to the analyzer’s internal non-volatile RAM disk, volatile RAM disk, or a ﬂoppy disk in the built-in disk drive: 1.
Page 280: Recalling The Calibration
Calibrating for Increased Measurement Accuracy Saving and Recalling the Calibration Recalling the Calibration Measurement calibration information is linked to the instrument state and measurement parameters for which the calibration was done. Therefore, a saved calibration can be recalled and used for multiple instrument states as long as the measurement parameter, frequency range, and number of points are compatible.
Page 281: Front/Rear Panel
Front/Rear Panel ES User’s Guide...
Page 282: Introduction
Front/Rear Panel Introduction Introduction This chapter contains detailed information on various aspects of the analyzer front and rear panel. Information on the following can be found in this chapter: • “Connectors” on page 7-3 • “Display” on page 7-16 • “Knob”...
Page 283: Connectors
Front/Rear Panel Connectors Connectors Figure 7-1 Analyzer Connectors - Front Panel ES User’s Guide...
Page 284: Bnc Connectors
Front/Rear Panel Connectors Figure 7-2 Analyzer Connectors—Rear Panel BNC Connectors AUX INPUT This rear panel female BNC connector is for low frequency (dc to approximately 360 Hz), low voltage measurements. This input is calibrated for inputs up to ±10 V, but will accept signals up to ±15 V. See “Making Measurements with the Auxiliary Input”...
Page 285 Front/Rear Panel Connectors EXT TRIG IN/OUT This rear panel female BNC connector allows triggering of a analyzer sweep by an external signal. When the external signal is pulled to a high TTL level, the analyzer is triggered to do either one complete sweep, or sweep to the next (frequency) point.
Page 286 • The default use for this connector provides a bidirectional open-collector TTL signal which can be set or read from IBASIC or SCPI (HP-IB). This is an open-collector signal which you can drive low, but must not drive high, since the analyzer also drives it.
Page 287: Multi-Pin Connectors
HP-IB or devices on the interface bus. Details of this cable are shown in Figure 7-3. HP part numbers for various HP-IB cables that are available are shown in the table following the ﬁgure. Figure 7-3 HP-IB Connector and Cable...
Page 288 HP 10833D 0.5 m (1.6 ft) As many as 14 HP-IB instruments can be connected to the analyzer (15 total instruments in the system). The cables can be interconnected in a star pattern (one central instrument with the HP-IB cables emanating from that instrument like spokes on a wheel), or in a linear pattern (like boxcars on a train), or a combination of the two.
Page 289 Front/Rear Panel Connectors Table 7-2 General Bus Management Lines Name Mnemonic Description Attention Controls whether the bus is in Command Mode (ATN TRUE) or Data Mode (ATN FALSE). Interface Clear Initializes the interface to an idle state (no activity on the bus). Service Request Alerts the Controller to a need for communication.
Page 290 Front/Rear Panel Connectors This rear panel connector is used with peripherals with parallel interface PARALLEL PORT such as printers and plotters. The pin-out is standard IBM PC compatible Centronics interface, using a female DB-25 connector, as shown in Figure 7-4. All pins are ESD protected; data and strobe pins have 2200 pF capacitors;...
Page 291 Front/Rear Panel Connectors The RS-232 connector is a rear panel connector used with serial RS-232 peripherals such as printers and plotters. The pin-out is shown in Figure 7-5. The connector is a male DB-9. See “Conﬁgure the Hardcopy Port” on page 4-71 for information on using this port with a printer or plotter.
Page 292 Front/Rear Panel Connectors This rear panel connector provides signals to drive an external VGA VIDEO OUT COLOR VGA compatible monitor. The following table describes a VGA compatible monitor, and Figure 7-6 shows the pin-out for the VIDEO OUT connector, looking into the connector. Table 7-3 VGA Compatible Monitor Characteristics 640 ×...
Page 293 Signals are IBM PC/AT compatible. These rear panel connectors power external detectors and accept input EXT DET Y-INPUT EXT DET X-INPUT from them for processing and display. Compatible detectors are: • HP 86201B • HP 86200B ES User’s Guide 7-13...
Page 294 Both outputs are fused with 0.75 Amp fuses, which are located on a circuit board on the inside front panel of the analyzer. The fuses are plastic bi-pin type. The replacement HP part number for these fuses is 2110-0424. 7-14...
Page 295: Rf Connectors
75 Ω female connector. To adapt from 50 Ω to 75 Ω, always use a minimum loss pad: • For adapting from 50 Ω female to 75 Ω female, use an HP 11852B, Option 004, minimum loss pad. • For adapting from 75 Ω female to 50 Ω female, use a standard HP 11852B minimum loss pad.
Page 296: Display
Front/Rear Panel Display Display The analyzer display shows various measurement information. The following illustration shows several locations where information is provided on the screen. 7-16 ES User’s Guide...
Page 297 Front/Rear Panel Display Table 7-4 The data ? status notation in the upper left corner of the display screen indicates that the analyzer source or receiver parameters have changed since the last complete sweep. The active measurement channel indicator is designated by a solid right arrow ( ).
Page 298: Knob
Front/Rear Panel Knob Knob The front panel knob is used to either increase or decrease parameter values, and to give an analog feel to the setting of the values. Any of the values that can be set through the numeric entry pad, or the step keys, can also be set using the knob.
Page 299: Power Switch
Front/Rear Panel Power Switch Power Switch Figure 7-8 The Analyzer Power Switch The power switch selects power to the analyzer to be either on ( ) or standby ( ).The analyzer power switch is located at the bottom left corner of the front panel. When set to standby, the analyzer circuitry is powered off, but a portion of the power supply stays on.
Page 300: Display Intensity Control
Front/Rear Panel Display Intensity Control Display Intensity Control Figure 7-9 Display Intensity Control The display intensity control adjusts the brightness of the display. 7-20 ES User’s Guide...
Page 301: Disk Drive
Front/Rear Panel Disk Drive Disk Drive Figure 7-10 Disk Drive The built-in 3.5” disk drive offers permanent information storage capacity. You can use the disk drive to save and recall instrument states, and IBASIC programs. In conjunction with IBASIC, it allows the analyzer to enter a known state or an automated routine at power-on.
Page 302: Line Module
Front/Rear Panel Line Module Line Module The line module contains: • the power cable receptacle • the line fuse (and an extra fuse) • the voltage selector switch Power Cables The line power cable is supplied in one of several conﬁgurations, depending on the destination of the original shipment.
Page 303 Front/Rear Panel Line Module Figure 7-11 Power Cable and Line (Mains) Plug Part Numbers ES User’s Guide 7-23...
Page 304: The Line Fuse
Front/Rear Panel Line Module The Line Fuse The line fuse (HP part number 2110-0709), and a spare, reside within the line module. Figure 7-12 illustrates where the fuses are and how to access them. Figure 7-12 Location of Line Fuses WARNING For continued protection against ﬁre hazard replace line fuse...
Page 305: The Voltage Selector Switch
Front/Rear Panel Line Module The Voltage Selector Switch Figure 7-13 Voltage Selector Switch Location Use a screwdriver to set the line voltage selector switch to the proper position (either 110 V or 220 V). The power source must meet the following requirements: Table 7-5 Nominal Setting AC Line Power...
Page 306 Front/Rear Panel Line Module 7-26 ES User’s Guide...
Page 307: Hardkey/Softkey Reference
Hardkey/Softkey Reference ES User’s Guide...
Page 308: Introduction
Hardkey/Softkey Reference Introduction Introduction This chapter provides a brief description of the analyzer's hardkeys and softkeys. This chapter is arranged alphabetically for ease of use. NOTE See the Service Guide for a description of service related softkeys. ES User’s Guide...
Page 309: Numeric Entries
Hardkey/Softkey Reference Numeric Entries Numeric Entries … Markers number one through eight in the menu. Pressing MARKER any one of these softkeys makes the marker the active marker and (if previously off) turns it on. “>” after the marker number means the marker is the active marker.
Page 310 Hardkey/Softkey Reference Numeric Entries 75 Ω Softkey in the system impedance menu. Selects 75 ohms as the system impedance. Refer to “When to Change the System Impedance” on page 3-12 more information. Access Keys: More Cal System Z0 Softkey in the cal kit menu of 50 ohm instruments. Selects the type of 7–16 cal kit as 7–16.
Page 311 Hardkey/Softkey Reference Softkey in the narrowband internal menu. Selects the tuned receiver measurement of input A. “Measuring Devices with Your Network Analyzer” on page 3-3 more information on input A. Access keys: More Detection Options MEAS 1 MEAS 2 Narrowband Internal Softkey in the narrowband internal menu.
Page 312 Hardkey/Softkey Reference Softkey in the mod kit save/recall menu that allows you to enter your Add Kit own description of a user-deﬁned calibration kit.To enter the Description description, it is fastest and easiest to use a keyboard connected to the analyzer DIN KEYBOARD connector.
Page 313 Hardkey/Softkey Reference Softkey in the add limit menu. Displays the menu to add a minimum Add Min Line limit line. “Using Limit Testing” on page 4-28 for detailed information on using limit lines. Access Keys: Limit Menu Add Limit DISPLAY Softkey in the add limit menu.
Page 314 Hardkey/Softkey Reference Softkey in the deﬁne graph menu. When annotation is on, printed or Annotation plotted hardcopies will contain screen annotation such as the marker ON off readout that appears in the upper right corner of the display. When off, the screen annotation is suppressed from the hardcopy.
Page 315 Hardkey/Softkey Reference Softkey in the deﬁne printer and deﬁne plotter menus. Toggles the Auto Feed paper autofeed feature on and off. Default is on. ON off Access Keys: Deﬁne Printer Deﬁne Plotter HARDCOPY Softkey in the automount setup menu and the mount NFS device Automount menu.
Page 316 Hardkey/Softkey Reference Autozero Softkey in the menu. This softkey is only available when using internal or external broadband detectors. Periodically, this feature compensates for external detector drift due to changes in temperature. When this softkey is selected, the detector(s) are automatically zeroed every ﬁve minutes.
Page 317 Hardkey/Softkey Reference Softkey in the narrowband internal menu. Selects the tuned receiver measurement of input B. “Measuring Devices with Your Network Analyzer” on page 3-3 more information on input B. Access keys: More Detection Options MEAS 1 MEAS 2 Narrowband Internal Softkey in the broadband internal menu.
Page 318 Hardkey/Softkey Reference Softkey in the marker search menu. Automatically calculates −3 dB Bandwidth (default) or other user-speciﬁed bandwidth, center frequency, and Q of a bandpass ﬁlter. “Using Markers” on page 4-3 for more information.Access Keys: Marker Search MARKER Softkey in the select copy port menu. Sets the transmission baud rate Baud Rate of the analyzer for serial devices.
Page 319 Hardkey/Softkey Reference Softkey in the LAN menu. Displays the BOOTP setup menu which BOOTP Setup allows you to set up the analyzer as a BOOTP client. See The LAN Interface User’s Guide Supplement for more information. Access Keys: SYSTEM OPTIONS Softkey in the detection options menu.
Page 320 Hardkey/Softkey Reference Softkey in the open menu. Allows you to modify the C characteristic of the open calibration standard in your calibration kit. “Calibration Kits” on page 6-23 for more information. Access Keys: More Cal Cal Kit Modify (connector type) Open Softkey in the open menu.
Page 321 Hardkey/Softkey Reference Softkey in the more cal menu. Allows selection of type of cal kit: Cal Kit Type-N female (default), Type-N male, 3.5 mm (for use with 50 Ω systems), Type-F (for use with 75 Ω systems), APC-7 (for use with 50 Ω systems), or user-deﬁned (cal kit A or cal kit B).
Page 322 Hardkey/Softkey Reference Softkey in the IBASIC utilities menu. Clears (erases) the current Clear Program IBASIC program from internal memory. See the HP Instrument BASIC User's Handbook Supplement for more information. Access Keys: IBASIC Utilities SYSTEM OPTIONS Softkey in the set clock menu. Determines how the date and time are Clock Format displayed when they are turned on.
Page 323 Select Disk SAVE RECALL Softkey in the IBASIC menu. Restarts a program that has been Continue paused. See the HP Instrument BASIC User's Handbook and Supplement for more information on using IBASIC. Access Keys: IBASIC SYSTEM OPTIONS Softkey in the trigger menu. In the continuous mode, the analyzer is...
Page 324 Hardkey/Softkey Reference Softkey in the ﬁle utilities menu. Used to copy ﬁles. Copy All Files “Other File Utilities” on page 4-63 in for more information. Access Keys: File Utilities SAVE RECALL Softkey in the ﬁle utilities menu. Used to copy ﬁles. Copy File “Other File Utilities”...
Page 325 Hardkey/Softkey Reference Softkey in the conﬁgure VOL_RAM disk menu. Displays a message box Current Size that shows the total memory available and the current memory allocation for the internal volatile RAM disk. Access Keys: Select Disk SAVE RECALL Conﬁgure VOL_RAM Softkey in the color options menu.
Page 326 Hardkey/Softkey Reference Data Softkey in the menu. Displays the current measurement DISPLAY data trace. Data and Softkey in the menu. Displays both the current data and DISPLAY memory traces, with identical scaling and format. You must have Memory selected Data->Mem ﬁrst for this key to function.
Page 327 Hardkey/Softkey Reference Softkey in the user TTL conﬁg menu. Pressing this softkey conﬁgures Default the rear panel USER TTL IN/OUT connector for general purpose I/O use with IBASIC and SPCI commands. This connector can also be conﬁgured for softkey sequencing using an external switch, and as a sweep out connector.
Page 328 Hardkey/Softkey Reference Softkey in the deﬁne hardcopy menu. Displays the menu to deﬁne Deﬁne Graph which parts of the graph are to be printed or plotted: trace data, graticule, annotation, marker symbol, title and clock, or combinations. “Printing and Plotting Measurement Results” on page 4-78.
Page 329 Hardkey/Softkey Reference Default Softkey in the menu and the response cal menu when in S Response (transmission) measurement mode. Use this key to recall a response calibration that was performed at the factory or during servicing. Corrects for frequency response errors. Chapter 6 for more information.
Page 330 Hardkey/Softkey Reference Softkey in the users setup menu. Displays a dialog box for deleting all Delete All Users users from the access list of your analyzer. See The LAN Interface User’s Guide Supplement for more information. Access Keys: Login User Setup SYSTEM OPTIONS Softkey used for editing titles, ﬁle names, directory names, and Delete Char...
Page 331 Hardkey/Softkey Reference Softkey in the meas 1 more and meas 2 more menus. Selects Detection measurement type: narrowband or broadband internal, broadband Options external or aux input. “Measuring Devices with Your Network Analyzer” on page 3-3 more information on detection modes. Access Keys: More MEAS 1...
Page 332 Hardkey/Softkey Reference Distance (Option 100 only) Softkey available under the MENU key and the add max point and add min point menus. Used to perform fault location measurements. See your Option 100 User's Guide Supplement for information. Softkey in the spur avoid options menu. When selected, shifts spurs Dither which may be visible in low level measurements.
Page 333 Hardkey/Softkey Reference Softkey in the IBASIC menu. Displays the IBASIC edit menu and a Edit rudimentary word and character editor. See the HP Instrument BASIC User's Handbook Supplement for more information. Access Keys: IBASIC SYSTEM OPTIONS Softkey in the limit menu. Displays the menu to change the frequency Edit Limit or amplitude of previously entered limits, or add a data trace marker.
Page 334 Add Max Line Add Min Line Softkey in the secure menu that is used with the IBASIC feature of the End Line # instrument. See the HP Instrument BASIC User's Handbook for information on the secure function. Access Keys: IBASIC Utilities...
Page 335 Hardkey/Softkey Reference Softkey in the LAN port setup menu. Displays the Ethernet address, Ethernet which is a 48-bit number assigned at the factory to be used to identify a Address machine on the network. The Ethernet address cannot be changed. See The LAN Interface User’s Guide Supplement for more information.
Page 336 Hardkey/Softkey Reference Softkey in the color options menu. Sets the external VGA monitor Factory Default colors to the factory default. “Using an External VGA Monitor” on page 4-87 for more information. Access Keys: DISPLAY More Display Color Options Factory Preset Softkey in the menu.
Page 337 IBASIC. bin(ary) Binary format is speciﬁc to this family of analyzers (HP 8712ES and HP 8714ES). A program saved in binary format is not readable by an IBASIC computer or other instruments running IBASIC. Binary format, however, is required if you are going to use the LOADSUB keyword.
Page 338 Hardkey/Softkey Reference Softkey in the system bandwidth menu. This is the narrowest system Fine 15 Hz bandwidth available. (Medium wide is the default system bandwidth.) Chapter 5 for information on how system bandwidth can affect your measurements. Access Keys: System Bandwidth Softkey in the marker math menu.
Page 339 Hardkey/Softkey Reference Softkey in the format disk menu. Formats the internal volatile RAM Format disk. Vol RAM Formatting the internal volatile RAM disk erases CAUTION all existing ﬁles and directories on the disk. Access Keys: File Utilities Format Disk Menu SAVE RECALL Hardkey in the SOURCE area.
Page 340 Hardkey/Softkey Reference Softkey in the FTP setup menu. Displays a dialog box for entering the FTP Password password of your remote BOOTP host. See The LAN Interface User’s Guide Supplement for more information. Access Keys: BOOTP Setup FTP SYSTEM OPTIONS Softkey in the FTP setup menu.
Page 341 Hardkey/Softkey Reference Softkey in the LAN port setup menu. Allows you to set the gateway IP Gateway address that your network administrator assigned to your analyzer. If IP Address no address was assigned, leave the setting at 0.0.0.0 (default value) to disable gateway routing.
Page 342 Hardkey/Softkey Reference Softkey in the set pen numbers menu. Sets pen number assignment Graticule Pen (color or width) for the grid on the hardcopy. Access Keys: Deﬁne Plotter Set Pen Numbers HARDCOPY Softkey in the color options menu for use with an external VGA Grey Scale monitor.
Page 343 Hardkey/Softkey Reference Hardkey in the SYSTEM area of the front panel. Displays the menu to HARDCOPY start or stop prints or plots, set up the printer or plotter, and determine the appearance of the copy. “Connecting and Conﬁguring Printers and Plotters” on page 4-68 “Printing and Plotting Measurement Results”...
Page 344 System Conﬁg CRT Adjust SYSTEM OPTIONS Softkey in the ﬁle format menu. Select this key only if you are saving HP 8711A/B instrument states that are to be used in older model ("A" or "B") Compatible analyzers. “Saving and Recalling Measurement Results” on page 4-55 more information.
Page 345 Access Keys: Deﬁne Save File Format SAVE RECALL Softkey in the HP-IB menu. Sets actual HP-IB address of the network HP 8712ES analyzer. Default HP-IB address is 16. This setting is not affected by Address or power-on. PRESET...
Page 346 The default HP-IB device address is 18. See The LAN Interface User’s Guide Supplement for more information. Softkey in the HP-IB menu. Toggle to ON if you want to display HP-IB HP-IB Echo mnemonics on screen as keys are pressed. This is a convenient way to on OFF see the mnemonics associated with the keys.
Page 347 Hardkey/Softkey Reference Softkey in the display frequency resolution menu and the numeric entry menu. When pressed in the display frequency resolution menu, displays frequency to Hz resolution. Access Keys: Disp Freq Resolution FREQ ES User’s Guide 8-41...
Page 348 SYSTEM OPTIONS include run, continue, step, edit, key record, utilities, and IBASIC display. See the HP Instrument BASIC User's Handbook Supplement and the Automating Measurements User’s Guide Supplement for more information. Softkey in the IBASIC menu. Displays a menu to select how to display IBASIC Display an IBASIC program.
Page 349 Hardkey/Softkey Reference Softkey in the IBASIC edit menu. Invokes the insert line menu for Insert Line editing IBASIC programs. See the HP Instrument BASIC User's Handbook Supplement for more information. Access Keys: IBASIC Edit SYSTEM OPTIONS Softkey in the deﬁne save menu. When on, allows you to save the Inst State instrument state.
Page 350 Hardkey/Softkey Reference Softkey in the select disk menu. Selects the analyzer's built-in disk Internal drive as the location where information is saved, re-saved, or recalled. 3.5” Disk “Saving and Recalling Measurement Results” on page 4-55 more information. Access Keys: Select Disk SAVE RECALL Softkey in the color options menu.
Page 351 NOTE When editing an IBASIC program, Key Record on OFF should be off. See the HP Instrument BASIC User's Handbook Supplement for more information. Access Keys: IBASIC SYSTEM OPTIONS Softkey in the display frequency resolution menu and the numeric entry menu.
Page 352 Hardkey/Softkey Reference Softkey in the menu. Displays the menu to setup SYSTEM OPTIONS your LAN port and to turn the LAN state on or off. Refer to The LAN Interface User’s Guide Supplement for information. Softkey in the LAN menu. Displays the menu to set up the LAN port LAN Port Setup on your analyzer.
Page 353 Hardkey/Softkey Reference Level Softkey in the POWER menu. Sets the RF power level of the analyzer's source. Chapter 9, “Speciﬁcations,” for the minimum and maximum power levels for your analyzer. Softkey in the max point or min point menus. Sets the amplitude of a Limit limit point.
Page 354 Hardkey/Softkey Reference Softkey in the limit options menu. Toggle to ON if you want limit lines Limit Line or points in the limit table to be visible on the CRT. Does not turn off on OFF limit testing — only turns off visible limit lines or points. “Using Limit Testing”...
Page 355 Hardkey/Softkey Reference Softkey in the deﬁne hardcopy menu. Deﬁnes the hardcopy as a list of List Trace data trace values. Trace values for Cartesian format are in two Values columns: frequency and amplitude. Trace values for polar format are in three columns: frequency, magnitude, and phase.
Page 356 Hardkey/Softkey Reference Softkey in the automount setup menu and the mount NFS device Local Path menu. Displays a dialog box for entering the local ﬁle system path for an NFS device. Access Keys: NFS Device Setup SYSTEM OPTIONS Automount Setup Mount NFS Device This softkey also appears in the automount dev table menu and the NFS device table menu.
Page 357 SAVE RECALL Softkey in the IBASIC display menu. Displays the IBASIC program on Lower the lower half of the screen and measurement data on the upper half. See the HP Instrument BASIC User's Handbook Supplement for more information. Access Keys: IBASIC...
Page 358 Hardkey/Softkey Reference Softkey in the more format menu. Displays choices for various Mag Units magnitude units for the y-axis scale. More Format Access Keys: FORMAT Softkey in the directory utilities menu. Displays the character entry Make Directory menu for entry of the directory name. “To Use Directory Utilities”...
Page 359 Hardkey/Softkey Reference Softkey in the marker functions menu. Adjusts the electrical delay to − Marker > balance the phase of the DUT. This is performed automatically, Elec Delay regardless of the format and the measurement being made. Enough line length is added to or subtracted from the receiver input to compensate for the phase slope at the active marker position.
Page 360 Hardkey/Softkey Reference Softkey in the edit limit (min/max) menu. Use this key to set the Max Limit maximum limit for the marker limit function that is currently highlighted in the on-screen table. “To Use Marker Limit Functions” on page 4-32 for more information.
Page 361 Hardkey/Softkey Reference Softkey in the system bandwidth menu. The default system bandwidth Med Narrow is medium wide. 1200 Hz Chapter 5 for information on how system bandwidth can affect your measurements. Access Keys: System Bandwidth Softkey in the system bandwidth menu. Medium wide is the default Med Wide system bandwidth.
Page 362 Hardkey/Softkey Reference Softkey in the display frequency resolution menu and the numeric entry menu. When pressed in the display frequency resolution menu, displays the frequency to MHz resolution. For example, 1.234 567 MHz is displayed as 1 MHz (note rounding down). Access Keys: Disp Freq Resolution FREQ...
Page 363 Hardkey/Softkey Reference Softkey in the mkr limits menu. Toggle to ON if you want to enable Mkr Limit marker limit testing. on OFF “To Use Marker Limit Functions” on page 4-32 for more information. Access Keys: Limit Menu Mkr Limits DISPLAY Softkey in the limit menu.
Page 364 Hardkey/Softkey Reference Softkey in the min search menu. Places the active marker at the − > Min frequency point of minimum amplitude. If tracking is off, marker remains at that frequency. If tracking is on, marker moves to the minimum point with each sweep. “Using Markers”...
Page 365 Hardkey/Softkey Reference Softkey in the set pen numbers menu. Sets the pen number Monochrome assignment for the hardcopy in monochrome plot mode. “Connecting and Conﬁguring Printers and Plotters” on page 4-68 for more information. Access Keys: HARDCOPY Broadband Internal Deﬁne Plotter Set Pen Numbers Softkey in the NFS setup menu.
Page 366 Hardkey/Softkey Reference Softkey in the system bandwidth menu. The default system bandwidth Narrow 250 Hz is medium wide. Chapter 5 for information on how system bandwidth can affect your measurements. Access Keys: System Bandwidth Softkey in the detection options menu. Selects tuned receiver type Narrowband measurements of inputs A, B, or R or the ratios A/R or B/R.
Page 367 Hardkey/Softkey Reference Softkey in the select disk menu. Displays NFS devices which are NFS Device currently mounted. Select the device you want to use for save/recall from the table and press the softkey that corresponds to the device. See The LAN Interface User’s Guide Supplement for more information. Access Keys: Select Disk SAVE RECALL...
Page 368 Hardkey/Softkey Reference Softkey in the IBASIC display menu. Displays the measurement data None on the full screen. (Does not show the IBASIC program on the display at all.) Normalize Softkey in the DISPLAY menu. Equivalent to selecting Data->Mem Data/Mem . Corrects for frequency response errors only.
Page 369 Hardkey/Softkey Reference Softkey in the modify kit menu. Allows you to modify the following Open characteristics of the open calibration standard in your calibration kit: , delay, loss, and Z “Calibration Kits” on page 6-23 for more information. Access Keys: More Cal Cal Kit Modify (connector type) Operating...
Page 370 LAN Port Setup SYSTEM OPTIONS Diagnostic Utilities Softkey in the secure menu. Use with caution: secured program lines Perform Secure can’t be listed, seen, or edited. See the HP Instrument BASIC User's Handbook Supplement for more information. Access Keys: IBASIC Utilities Secure...
Page 371 Hardkey/Softkey Reference Phase Offset Softkey in the SCALE menu. Adds or subtracts a phase offset that is constant with frequency (rather than linear). Softkey in the more format menu. Displays a polar format. Each point Polar on the polar format corresponds to a particular value of both magnitude and phase.
Page 372 Hardkey/Softkey Reference Softkey in the ampliﬁer and measurement menus, suitable for power Power measurements. “Making a Power Measurement using Broadband Detection” on page 3-56 for an example power measurement. Access Keys: Ampliﬁer More BEGIN MEAS 1 MEAS 2 Hardkey in the SOURCE area. Sets the power level of the internal RF POWER source and turns it on and off.
Page 373 More Printer Softkey in the select copy port menu. Sets the recognized address of Print/Plot HP-IB printers and plotters only. The default address is 5. The HP-IB Addr "recognized HP-IB address" is the address that the network analyzer uses to communicate with the device. The actual address of the device must be set independently to match.
Page 374 Displays the menu to save, SAVE RECALL re-save, recall programs, or save a program as an autostart (AUTOST) program. See the HP Instrument BASIC User's Handbook Supplement for more information. Pwr Level Softkey in the menu. Allows you to set a power level (other...
Page 375 Broadband Internal Softkey in the programs menu. Displays the character entry menu to Re-Save re-title the program and save it to memory or disk. Program See the HP Instrument BASIC User's Handbook Supplement for more information. Access Keys: Programs SAVE RECALL...
Page 376 SYSTEM OPTIONS Softkey in the programs menu. Recalls to the network analyzer a Recall Program program from internal memory, internal disk, or external disk. See the HP Instrument BASIC User's Handbook Supplement for more information. Access Keys: Programs SAVE RECALL...
Page 377 Hardkey/Softkey Reference Softkey in the automount setup menu and the mount NFS device Remote IP menu. Displays a dialog box for entering the remote host name (or host Addr/Host IP address) for an NFS device. Access Keys: NFS Device Setup SYSTEM OPTIONS Automount Setup Mount NFS Device...
Page 378 Hardkey/Softkey Reference Softkey in the automount dev table menu and the NFS device table Remote Path menu. Displays an expanded version of the remote ﬁle system Host information found in the automount device table and the NFS device table. Access Keys: SYSTEM OPTIONS NFS Device Setup NFS Device Table...
Page 379 Hardkey/Softkey Reference Softkey in the response cal menu when in S or S (transmission) Response measurement mode. Select this key to perform a user-deﬁned response calibration. Restores a previous response calibration if current analyzer parameters are compatible with those used during the previous calibration.
Page 380 CRT timing values. If this key is pressed in the SCPI sock. setup menu or the SICL LAN setup menu, it resets the socket port number or the HP-IB device address, HP-IB logical unit number, and HP-IB name, respectively, to predetermined values.
Page 381 Hardkey/Softkey Reference Softkey in the ampliﬁer, ﬁlter, broadband passive, mixer, and S11 Reﬂ Port1 measurement menus. Selects the S (forward reﬂection) type of measurement. Power is output from the analyzer’s port 1 and also measured there. “Measuring S11 Reﬂection Port 1 using a One-Port Calibration” on page 3-48 for more information.
Page 382 Hardkey/Softkey Reference Softkey in the ampliﬁer, broadband passive, and measurement menus. S22 Reﬂ Port2 Selects the S (reverse reﬂection) type of measurement. Power is output from the analyzer’s port 2 and also measured there. “Measuring S11 Reﬂection Port 1 using a One-Port Calibration” on page 3-48 for more information on a similar (S ) measurement.
Page 383 Save ASCII SAVE RECALL Softkey in the programs menu. Saves the current program to internal Save Program RAM or 3.5” disk. See the HP Instrument BASIC User's Handbook Supplement for more information. Access Keys: SAVE RECALL Programs Hardkey in the SYSTEM area of the front panel. Displays menus to: SAVE RECALL save, title, deﬁne, and recall states and programs;...
Page 384 Hardkey/Softkey Reference Scale/Div Softkey in the SCALE menu. Sets the value of vertical divisions of graticule. For example, if the scale/div is 10 dB, each graticule line is 10 dB higher than the one below. Softkey in the LAN menu. Displays the menu to set up the socket port SCPI Sock.
Page 385 Displays the menu to select the HARDCOPY hardcopy output device and its operating parameters. Default settings Copy Port (not affected by preset) are HP printer, PCL language, parallel port. Use the front panel knob or arrow keys to highlight the device, then press Select. NOTE "Baud Rate,"...
Page 386 Hardkey/Softkey Reference Softkey in the custom colors menu. Selects the item whose color you Select Item want to customize on the external VGA monitor. Use the front panel knob, the keypad, or the arrow keys to specify the item number you want to customize.
Page 387 Hardkey/Softkey Reference Softkey in the set clock menu. Sets the month on the clock. Set Month NOTE When selecting the month, you will always input a number that corresponds to the month desired. If the clock format is set to "alpha," however, the displayed month will be a three letter abbreviation (such as Mar for March).
Page 388 Line 2 Access Keys: DISPLAY More Display Title and Clock Softkey in the LAN menu. Displays the menu to setup the HP-IB SICL LAN device address, HP-IB logical unit number, and HP-IB name for SICL Setup LAN control of the analyzer.
Page 389 Hardkey/Softkey Reference Softkey in the user TTL conﬁg menu. Displays a pop-up message with Softkey a description of softkey sequencing and softkeys to enable or disable Auto-Step the auto-step function. See "Measurement Setup and Control with Fast Recall" in the Automating Measurements User’s Guide Supplement for more information.
Page 390 “Printing and Plotting Measurement Results” on page 4-78 more information. Softkey in the secure menu that is used with the IBASIC feature of the Start Line # instrument. See the HP Instrument BASIC User's Handbook for information on the secure function. Access Keys: IBASIC Utilities...
Page 391 Stop Softkey in the menu. Sets the stop frequency of the source. FREQ Maximum frequency is 1.3 GHz for the HP 8712ES and 3.0 GHz for the HP 8714ES. Stop Power Softkey in the menu. Sets stopping point (in dBm) for a POWER power sweep measurement.
Page 392 Hardkey/Softkey Reference Softkey in the update correction constants menu. Writes a copy of CC Store CC data from internal volatile RAM to EPROM. This function is used so To EPROM that current CC data is not lost when power to the analyzer is turned off.
Page 393 Hardkey/Softkey Reference Softkey in the system conﬁg menu. Conﬁgures the analyzer for use Switching with a multiport test set. Test Set Refer to the multiport test set User's and Service Guide for more information. Access Keys: System Conﬁg SYSTEM OPTIONS Softkey in the FORMAT menu.
Page 394 CRT settings, and conﬁgure the rear panel USER TTL IN/OUT port. Softkey in the HP-IB menu. Makes the network analyzer the system System controller of the HP instrument bus. Required mode for interfacing Controller with HP-IB peripherals (printers, plotters, and disk drives).
Page 395 Talker Listener the HP instrument bus. The analyzer cannot talk directly with other peripherals in this mode unless the computer establishes a data path for it. HP-IB mode is normally used for remote (computer) control of the analyzer. Access Keys:...
Page 396 Hardkey/Softkey Reference Softkey in the BOOTP setup menu. Allows you to set the number of Timeout seconds your analyzer will wait for a BOOTP reply at boot time. The analyzer will retransmit the BOOTP request during this period if it gets no reply.
Page 397 Hardkey/Softkey Reference Softkey in the set pen numbers menu. Sets the pen number Trace 1 Pen assignment for data trace 1 on the hardcopy. Different pen numbers can represent different color or width pens. “Connecting and Conﬁguring Printers and Plotters” on page 4-68 for more information.
Page 398 Hardkey/Softkey Reference Softkey in the marker search menu. Toggle to ON if you want the Tracking marker search functions to be updated with each sweep. When toggled on OFF OFF (default setting), the functions are performed only once, when selected. “Using Markers”...
Page 399 Hardkey/Softkey Reference Softkey in the deﬁne save menu. For use with a multiport test set. TSet Cal Toggle to ON if you want to save the TSet Cal. on OFF Refer to the multiport test set User's and Service Guide for more information.
Page 400 Hardkey/Softkey Reference Softkey in the NFS device setup menu. Displays the NFS device table, Unmount which lists the currently mounted NFS devices. Select the device you NFS Device want to remove from the table and press the softkey which corresponds to that device.
Page 401 Hardkey/Softkey Reference User 2-Port Softkey in the User 2-Port . Press User 2-Port perform a user-deﬁned two-port calibration. Restores a previous user two-port calibration if current analyzer parameters are compatible with those used during the previous calibration. Corrects for directivity, source match, load match and frequency response errors. Also corrects for crosstalk errors when the Isolation on OFF key is...
Page 402 Access Keys: System Conﬁg SYSTEM OPTIONS Softkey in the IBASIC menu. Enables user to clear program, set Utilities memory size, or secure programs. See the HP Instrument BASIC User's Handbook Supplement for more information. Access Keys: IBASIC SYSTEM OPTIONS 8-96...
Page 403 Hardkey/Softkey Reference Softkey in the more cal menu. Enters the velocity factor used by the Velocity Factor analyzer to calculate equivalent electrical length. Values entered should be less than 1, however the analyzer accepts values from 0.01 to 1.2. Access Keys: More Cal Softkey in the more CRT adjust menu.
Page 404 Hardkey/Softkey Reference Softkey in the CRT adjust menu. Changes the vertical positioning of Vertical the display on both the internal CRT and an external monitor. Accepts Position whole number values from 1 to 100, with 1 representing as far up as possible and with 100 representing as far down as possible.
Page 405 Hardkey/Softkey Reference Softkey in the system bandwidth menu. This is the widest system Wide 6500 Hz bandwidth available. Medium wide bandwidth is the system default. Chapter 5 for information on how system bandwidth can affect your measurements. Access Keys: System Bandwidth ES User’s Guide 8-99...
Page 406 Hardkey/Softkey Reference Softkey in the broadband external menu. Selects the diode detection type of measurement with an external detector connected to the EXT DET X-INPUT on the rear panel. Access Keys: More Detection Options MEAS 1 MEAS 2 Broadband External Softkey in the broadband external menu.
Page 407 Hardkey/Softkey Reference Softkey in the broadband external menu. Selects the diode detection type of measurement with an external detector connected to the EXT DET Y-INPUT on the rear panel. Access Keys: Detection Options MEAS 1 MEAS 2 Broadband External Softkey in the more display menu. Toggle ON (default setting) to view Y-Axis Lbl the annotations to the left of the graticule: reference line indicator, ON off...
Page 408 Hardkey/Softkey Reference Softkey in the broadband external menu. Selects the measurement of Y/R* the ratio of the external detectors at inputs Y and R*. Access Keys: More Detection Options MEAS 1 MEAS 2 Broadband External Softkey in the broadband external menu. Selects measurement of the ratio of the external detectors at inputs Y and X.
Page 409 Hardkey/Softkey Reference Softkey in the open, short, load, and through menus. Allows you to modify the Z characteristic of the open, short, load, or through calibration standards in your calibration kit. “Calibration Kits” on page 6-23 for more information. Access Keys: More Cal Cal Kit Modify (connector type) Open...
Page 410 Hardkey/Softkey Reference 8-104 ES User’s Guide...
Page 411 Speciﬁcations ES User’s Guide...
Page 412 Speciﬁcations Deﬁnitions All speciﬁcations and characteristics apply over a 25 °C ±5 °C range (unless otherwise stated) and thirty minutes after the instrument has been turned on. Speciﬁcation (spec.): Warranted performance. Speciﬁcations include guardbands to account for the expected statistical distribution, measurement uncertainties, and changes in performance due to environmental conditions.
Page 413 Speciﬁcations System Performance Table 9-1 System Performance, Corrected, 50Ω, 2-Port Calibration HP 8712ES/8714ES (50 Ω) HP 85031B (7-mm, 50 Ω) Cal Kit, User 2-Port Calibration Speciﬁcation (in dB) Description 300 kHz 1.3 GHz to 1.3 GHz to 3 GHz Directivity...
Page 414 Speciﬁcations Table 9-1 System Performance, Corrected, 50Ω, 2-Port Calibration (continued) HP 8712ES/8714ES (50 Ω) HP 85032B/E (Type-N, 50 Ω) Cal Kit, User 2-Port Calibration Speciﬁcation (in dB) Description 300 kHz 1.3 GHz to 1.3 GHz to 3 GHz Directivity Source Match Load Match ±...
Page 415 Speciﬁcations Table 9-1 System Performance, Corrected, 50Ω, 2-Port Calibration (continued) HP 8712ES/8714ES (50 Ω) HP 85033D (3.5 mm, 50 Ω) Cal Kit, User 2-Port Calibration Speciﬁcation (in dB) Description 300 kHz 1.3 GHz to 1.3 GHz to 3 GHz Directivity...
Page 416 Speciﬁcations Table 9-1 System Performance, Corrected, 50Ω, 2-Port Calibration (continued) HP 8712ES/8714ES (50 Ω) HP 85038A (7-16, 50 Ω) Cal Kit, User 2-Port Calibration Speciﬁcation (in dB) Description 300 kHz 1.3 GHz to 1.3 GHz to 3 GHz Directivity Source Match Load Match ±...
Page 417 Speciﬁcations Table 9-2 System Performance, Corrected, 75Ω, 2-Port Calibration HP 8712ES/8714ES (75 Ω) HP 85036B/E (Type-N, 75 Ω) Cal Kit, User 2-Port Calibration Speciﬁcation (in dB) Description 300 kHz 1.3 GHz to 1.3 GHz to 3 GHz Directivity Source Match Load Match ±...
Page 418 25° ± 5° C, with less than 1° C deviation from the calibration temperature. Assumes using an HP 85039B cal kit, and a DUT with a center pin conforming to the 0.77 to 0.86 mm limits. For transmission measurements, the effect of crosstalk is disregarded and S for S <1.0, S...
Page 419 Speciﬁcations Table 9-3 System Performance, Corrected, 50Ω, T/R Calibration HP 8712ES/8714ES (50 Ω) HP 85032B/E (Type-N, 50 Ω) Cal Kit, T/R Calibration Speciﬁcation (in dB) Description 300 kHz 1.3 GHz to 1.3 GHz to 3 GHz Directivity Source Match: Reﬂection (One-Port Cal)
Page 420 Speciﬁcations Table 9-3 System Performance, Corrected, 50Ω, T/R Calibration (continued) HP 8712ES/8714ES (50 Ω) HP 85032B/E (Type-N, 50 Ω) Cal Kit, T/R Calibration Transmission Uncertainty: Enhanced Response Calibration (Speciﬁcation) Transmission Uncertainty: Response Calibration (Speciﬁcation) Reﬂection Uncertainty: One-Port Calibration (Speciﬁcation) These speciﬁcations apply for measurements made using “ﬁne” bandwidth, no averaging, and at an environmental tem- perature of 25°...
Page 421 Response Cal 0.13 a. Option 1E1 adds a 60 dB step attenuator to the HP 8712ET/8714ET. b. These speciﬁcations apply for measurements made using “ﬁne” bandwidth, no averaging, and at an environmental temperature of 25° ± 5° C, with less than 1°...
Page 422 Transmission Uncertainty: Response Calibration (Speciﬁcation) Reﬂection Uncertainty: One-Port Calibration (Speciﬁcation) Option 1E1 adds a 60 dB step attenuator to the HP 8712ET/8714ET. These speciﬁcations apply for measurements made using “ﬁne” bandwidth, no averaging, and at an environmental tempera- ture of 25° ± 5° C, with less than 1° C deviation from the calibration temperature.
Page 423 Speciﬁcations Table 9-3 System Performance, Corrected, 50Ω, T/R Calibration (continued) HP 8712ET/8714ET (50 Ω) without Attenuator HP 85032B/E (Type-N, 50 Ω) Cal Kit, T/R Calibration Speciﬁcation (in dB) Description 300 kHz 1.3 GHz to 1.3 GHz to 3 GHz Directivity Source Match: Reﬂection (One-Port Cal)
Page 424 Table 9-3 System Performance, Corrected, 50Ω, T/R Calibration (continued) HP 8712ET/8714ET (50 Ω) without Attenuator HP 85032B/E (Type-N, 50 Ω) Cal Kit, T/R Calibration Transmission Uncertainty: Enhanced Response Calibration (Speciﬁcation) Transmission Uncertainty: Response Calibration (Speciﬁcation) Reﬂection Uncertainty: One-Port Calibration (Speciﬁcation) These speciﬁcations apply for measurements made using “ﬁne”...
Page 425 Speciﬁcations Table 9-4 System Performance, Corrected, 75Ω, T/R Calibration HP 8712ES/8714ES (75 Ω) HP 85036B/E (Type-N, 75 Ω) Cal Kit, T/R Calibration Speciﬁcation (in dB) Description 300 kHz 1.3 GHz to 1.3 GHz to 3 GHz Directivity Source Match: Reﬂection (One-Port Cal)
Page 426 Speciﬁcations Table 9-4 System Performance, Corrected, 75Ω, T/R Calibration (continued) HP 8712ES/8714ES (75 Ω) HP 85036B/E (Type-N, 75 Ω) Cal Kit, T/R Calibration Transmission Uncertainty: Enhanced Response Calibration (Speciﬁcation) Transmission Uncertainty: Response Calibration (Speciﬁcation) Reﬂection Uncertainty: One-Port Calibration (Speciﬁcation) These speciﬁcations apply for measurements made using “ﬁne” bandwidth, no averaging, and at an environmental tem- perature of 25°...
Page 427 Response Cal 0.125 0.295 a. Option 1E1 adds a 60 dB step attenuator to the HP 8712ET/8714ET. b. These speciﬁcations apply for measurements made using “ﬁne” bandwidth, no averaging, and at an environmental temperature of 25° ± 5° C, with less than 1°...
Page 428 Transmission Uncertainty: Response Calibration (Speciﬁcation) Reﬂection Uncertainty: One-Port Calibration (Speciﬁcation) Option 1E1 adds a 60 dB step attenuator to the HP 8712ET/8714ET. These speciﬁcations apply for measurements made using “ﬁne” bandwidth, no averaging, and at an environmental tem- perature of 25° ± 5° C, with less than 1° C deviation from the calibration temperature.
Page 429 Speciﬁcations Table 9-4 System Performance, Corrected, 75Ω, T/R Calibration (continued) HP 8712ET/8714ET (75 Ω) without Attenuator HP 85036B/E (Type-N, 75 Ω) Cal Kit, T/R Calibration Speciﬁcation (in dB) Description 300 kHz 1.3 GHz to 1.3 GHz to 3 GHz Directivity Source Match: Reﬂection (One-Port Cal)
Page 430 Table 9-4 System Performance, Corrected, 75Ω, T/R Calibration (continued) HP 8712ET/8714ET (75 Ω) without Attenuator HP 85036B/E (Type-N, 75 Ω) Cal Kit, T/R Calibration Transmission Uncertainty: Enhanced Response Calibration (Speciﬁcation) Transmission Uncertainty: Response Calibration (Speciﬁcation) Reﬂection Uncertainty: One-Port Calibration (Speciﬁcation) These speciﬁcations apply for measurements made using “ﬁne”...
Page 431 ± Transmission Tracking Crosstalk a. Option 1E1 adds a 60 dB step attenuator to the HP 8712ET/8714ET. b. These numbers apply for a measurement made using the “Fine” bandwidth at an environmental tempera- ture of 25° ± 5° C. c. The uncorrected directivity of a network analyzer is calculated in linear terms by dividing the reﬂection measurement of an ideal load by the average of the reﬂection measurements of an ideal short and an ideal...
Page 432 ± Transmission Tracking Crosstalk a. Option 1E1 adds a 60 dB step attenuator to the HP 8712ET/8714ET. b. These numbers apply for a measurement made using the “Fine” bandwidth at an environmental temperature of 25° ± 5° C. c. The uncorrected directivity of a network analyzer is calculated in linear terms by dividing the reﬂection measurement of a perfect load by the average of the reﬂection measurements of an ideal short and an ideal open.
Page 433 Speciﬁcations Test Port Output Table 9-7 Test Port Output HP 8712ET/ES and HP 8714ET/ES Test Port Output Description Speciﬁcation Supplemental Information Frequency Range: HP 8712ET/ES 300 kHz to 1.3 GHz HP 8714ET/ES 300 kHz to 3.0 GHz Resolution 1 Hz ±5 ppm, 0°...
Page 434 Without Attenuator Option 1E1 HP 8714ES: 50 Ω ±2.0 dB 75 Ω ±3.0 dB at <2 GHz ±3.0 dB at >2 GHz, char. a. Option 1E1 adds a 60 dB step attenuator to the HP 8712ET/8714ET. 9-24 ES User’s Guide...
Page 435 With Attenuator Option 1E1 −8 dBm, nom. Without Attenuator Option 1E1 HP 8714ES: 50 Ω −60 dBm, nom. 75 Ω −60 dBm, nom. a. Option 1E1 adds a 60 dB step attenuator to the HP 8712ET/8714ET. ES User’s Guide 9-25...
Page 436 4 dBm at >2 GHz, <2 GHz char. a. Maximum power setting is the highest power setting allowed that maintains the network analyzer’s speciﬁed level accuracy. b. Option 1E1 adds a 60 dB step attenuator to the HP 8712ET/8714ET. 9-26 ES User’s Guide...
Page 437 −21 to −6 −31 to −16 −41 to −26 −51 to −36 −60 to −46 −60 to −56 Pmax a. Option 1E1 adds a 60 dB step attenuator to the HP 8712ET/8714ET. b. Pmax = maximum power setting ES User’s Guide 9-27...
Page 438 Speciﬁcations Table 9-7 Test Port Output (continued) HP 8712ET/ES and HP 8714ET/ES Test Port Output Description Speciﬁcation Supplemental Information Output Power (continued) Power Resolution 0.01 dB Attenuator Switch Points: HP 8712ET: 50 Ω −1, −11, −21, −31, −41, −51 dBm, nom.
Page 439 Speciﬁcations Test Port Input Table 9-8 Test Port Input HP 8712ET/ES and HP 8714ET/ES Test Port Input Description Speciﬁcation Supplemental Information Frequency Range HP 8712ET/ES: Narrowband 300 kHz to 1.3 GHz Broadband 10 MHz to 1.3 GHz HP 8714ET/ES: Narrowband 300 kHz to 3.0 GHz...
Page 440 16. For the HP 8712ES/8714ES, external broadband detectors will provide a lower noise ﬂoor than the internal broadband detectors. 9-30...
Page 441 The System Dynamic Range for HP 8714 ET/ES 75 Ω analyzers is not a speciﬁca- tion for frequencies >2 GHz; it is a characteristic. For the HP 8712ES/8714ES, external broadband detectors will provide more dynamic range than the internal broadband detec- tors.
Page 442 The System Dynamic Range for HP 8714 ET/ES 75 W analyzers is not a speciﬁcation for fre- quencies >2 GHz; it is a characteristic. For the HP 8712ES/8714ES, external broadband detec- tors will provide more dynamic range than the internal broadband detectors.
Page 443 The Sys- tem Dynamic Range for HP 8714 ET/ES 75 Ω analyzers is not a speciﬁcation for frequencies >2 GHz; it is a characteristic. For the HP 8712ES/8714ES, external broadband detectors will pro- vide more dynamic range than the internal broadband detectors.
Page 444 Range applies to transmission measurements only, since reﬂection measure- ments are limited by directivity. The Receiver Dynamic Range for HP 8714ET/ES 75 Ω analyzers is not a speciﬁcation for frequencies >2 GHz; it is a characteristic. For the HP 8712ES/8714ES, external broadband detectors will provide more dynamic range than the internal broadband detectors.
Page 445 Speciﬁcations Table 9-8 Test Port Input (continued) HP 8712ET/ES and HP 8714ET/ES Test Port Input Description Spec. Typical System Bandwidths: Narrow Narrow Med Wide Wide (250 Hz) (250 Hz) (4000 Hz) (6500 Hz) Trace Noise HP 8712ET/8712ES: Narrowband: Magnitude 0.01 dB rms 0.03 dB-pp 0.12 dB-pp...
Page 446 Speciﬁcations Table 9-8 Test Port Input (continued) HP 8712ET/ES and HP 8714ET/ES Test Port Input Dynamic Accuracy (Speciﬁcation) HP 8712ET/8714ET: HP 8712ES/8714ES: a. Narrowband detection mode − b. The reference power for dynamic accuracy is 20 dBm. 9-36 ES User’s Guide...
Page 447 Speciﬁcations Table 9-8 Test Port Input (continued) HP 8712ET/ES and HP 8714ET/ES Test Port Input Power Accuracy: (Characteristic) HP 8712ET/8714ET Magnitude HP 8712ES/8714ES Magnitude a. At 30 MHz, broadband mode, internal detectors ES User’s Guide 9-37...
Page 448 HP 8712ET/ES and HP 8714ET/ES Test Port Input Group Delay Accuracy (Characteristic) HP 8712ET/ES and HP8714ET/ES a. Valid for HP 85032B/E (type-N 50 Ω) and HP 85036B/E (type-N 75 Ω) cal kits using either a two-port or enhanced response calibration. 9-38 ES User’s Guide...
Page 449 Speciﬁcations General Information Table 9-9 General Information HP 8712ET/ES and HP 8714ET/ES General Information Description Speciﬁcation Supplemental Information Display Range Magnitude 200 dB (at 20 dB/div), max 1800° (at 180°/div), max Phase Polar 1 MUnit, max Display Resolution Magnitude 0.01 dB/div, min Phase 0.1°/div, min...
Page 450 Speciﬁcations Table 9-9 General Information (continued) HP 8712ET/ES and HP 8714ET/ES General Information Description Speciﬁcation Supplemental Information System Bandwidths Wide (6500 Hz) 6500 Hz, nom Medium Wide (4000 Hz) 4000 Hz, nom Medium (3700 Hz) 3700 Hz, nom Medium Narrow (1200 Hz)
Page 451 Speciﬁcations Table 9-9 General Information (continued) HP 8712ET/ES and HP 8714ET/ES General Information Description Speciﬁcation Supplemental Information Rear Panel (continued) External Reference In: Input Frequency 10 MHz, nom. −5 dBm to +12 dBm, nom. Input Power 50 Ω, nom. Input Impedance VGA Video Output 15-pin mini D-Sub;...
Page 452 Speciﬁcations Table 9-9 General Information (continued) HP 8712ET/ES and HP 8714ET/ES General Information Description Speciﬁcation Supplemental Information General Environmental Minimize using static-safe work procedures and an antistatic bench mat (HP part number 9300-0797). Dust Minimize for optimum reliability. Operating Environment 0 °C to +55 °C...
Page 453 Speciﬁcations Table 9-9 General Information (continued) HP 8712ET/ES and HP 8714ET/ES General Information Measurement Speed Conditions Typical Number Meas Number Freq Cycle Recall Data Meas Type of Chans of Points Span Time State & Cal Xfer Cycle 1-Port 6500 100 MHz...
Page 454 “corrected” 64-bit, ﬂoating point numbers (real and imaginary). f. A “Measurement Cycle” is deﬁned as the time required for an HP S700 workstation to con- trol the analyzer to: (1) recall the state and calibration (analyzer is now in “sweep hold”...
Page 455 Speciﬁcations Features Measurement Number of Display Measurements Two measurement displays are available. Each measurement can have independent instrument sweep and control parameters (including frequency settings, IF bandwidth, power level, number of trace points, averaging, format, and scale). The instrument can display a single measurement or dual measurements, on a split (two graticules) or overlaid (one graticule) screen.
Page 456 Speciﬁcations Display Annotations Analyzer display annotations include start/stop, center/span, or CW frequency, scale/division, reference level, marker data, softkey labels, warning and caution messages, screen titles, time and date, and pass/fail indication. Limits Measurement data can be compared to any combination of line or point limits for pass/fail testing.
Page 457 All ﬁles are stored in MS-DOS® -compatible format. Instrument data can be stored in binary or ASCII format (including Touchstone/.s2p format), and screen graphics can be saved as PCX (bit mapped), HP-GL (vector), or PCL5 (printer) ﬁles. Network File System (NFS) Remote ﬁles and directories, such as those stored on a computer, can...
Page 458 (API) is compatible with Berkeley sockets, Winsock and other standard socket APIs. Socket programming can be done in a variety of environments, including C programs, HP VEE, SICL LAN, or Java applets. A standard web browser and the analyzer’s built-in web page can be used to remotely enter SCPI commands via a Java applet.
Page 459 With SICL LAN, a remote analyzer can be controlled over the LAN with the same methods used for a local analyzer connected directly to the controller with HP-IB. SICL LAN can also be used with Windows 95/98/NT, or HP-UX.
Page 460 • special softkey labels • tailored user prompts • graphical setup diagrams • barcode-reading capability • control of other test instruments via the HP-IB, serial or parallel interfaces Measurement Calibration Measurement calibration signiﬁcantly reduces measurement uncertainty due to errors caused by system directivity, source match, load match, frequency response, and crosstalk.
Page 461 Speciﬁcations Calibration Interpolation Calibration interpolation is always active. The analyzer automatically recalculates the error coefﬁcients when the test frequencies or the number of points have changed. The resulting frequency range must be within the frequency range used during the user calibration. If this is not the case, the analyzer reverts to the factory default calibration.
Page 462 They include: • 3.5 mm (HP 85033D with Option 001 • type-F 75 ohm (HP 85039B) • type-N 50 ohm (HP 85032B with Option 001 , or HP 85032E • type-N 75 ohm (HP 85036B/E •...
Page 463 HP 8712ES/8714ES. Transport case and fault location and structural return loss (Option 101) Combines a rugged transport and operation case (HP part number 08712-60059) with Option 100 for ﬁeld measurements of fault location and structural return loss.
Page 464 Switching test sets enhance productivity by allowing multiple measurements with a single connection to the device under test. They are available in 50 and 75 ohm versions, in a variety of conﬁgurations and connector types. Please contact your HP sales representative for more information. 9-54...
Page 465 If the warranty covers repair or service to be performed at the Buyer’s facility, then the service or repair will be performed at the Buyer’s facility at no charge within HP service travel areas. Outside HP service travel areas, warranty service will be performed at Buyer’s facility only upon HP’s prior agreement, and Buyer shall pay HP’s round-trip travel...
Page 466 Speciﬁcations Limitation of Warranty The foregoing warranty shall not apply to defects resulting from improper or inadequate maintenance by Buyer, Buyer-supplied software or interfacing, unauthorized modiﬁcation or misuse, operation outside of the environmental speciﬁcations for the product, or improper site preparation or maintenance.
Page 467 Speciﬁcations Hewlett-Packard Sales and Service Ofﬁces If you should need technical assistance, contact the nearest Hewlett-Packard sales or service ofﬁce. See Table 9-10 on the next page. ES User’s Guide 9-57...
Page 468 Speciﬁcations Table 9-10 Hewlett-Packard Sales and Service Ofﬁces UNITED STATES Instrument Support Center Hewlett-Packard Company (800) 403-0801 EUROPEAN FIELD OPERATIONS Headquarters France Germany Hewlett-Packard S.A. Hewlett-Packard France Hewlett-Packard GmbH 150, Route du Nant-d’Avril 1 Avenue Du Canada Hewlett-Packard Strasse 1217 Meyrin 2/ Geneva Zone D’Activite De Courtaboeuf 61352 Bad Homburg v.d.H Switzerland...
Page 469 Safety and Regulatory Information ES User’s Guide 10-1...
Page 470 Safety and Regulatory Information Safety and Regulatory Information Safety and Regulatory Information This chapter contains required safety and regulatory information that is not included elsewhere in the manual. 10-2 ES User’s Guide...
Page 471 Safety and Regulatory Information Safety Information Safety Information Much of the required safety information is distributed throughout this manual in appropriate places. This section contains all required safety information that is not included elsewhere in this manual. Warnings Warning Deﬁnition Warning denotes a hazard.
Page 472 Safety and Regulatory Information Safety Information Cautions Caution Deﬁnition Caution denotes a hazard. It calls attention to a procedure that, if not correctly performed or adhered to, would result in damage to or destruction of the instrument. Do not proceed beyond a caution sign until the indicated conditions are fully understood and met.
Page 473 Safety and Regulatory Information Safety Information Instrument Markings The instruction manual symbol. The product is marked with this symbol when it is necessary for the user to refer to the instructions in the manual. The CE mark is the registered trademark of the European Community.
Page 474 Safety and Regulatory Information Regulatory Information Regulatory Information Notice for Germany: Noise Declaration LpA < 70 dB am Arbeitsplatz (operator position) normaler Betrieb (normal position) nach DIN 45635 T. 19 (per ISO 7779) Declaration of Conformity 10-6 ES User’s Guide...
Page 475 Safety and Regulatory Information Regulatory Information ES User’s Guide 10-7...
Page 476 Safety and Regulatory Information Regulatory Information 10-8 ES User’s Guide...
Page 477 Factory Preset State and Memory Allocation ES User’s Guide 11-1...
Page 478 PRESET Factory Preset keys, or with the SCPI command "SYST:PRESET", it sets itself to the pre-deﬁned conditions shown below. NOTE The HP-IB command "*RST" is not the same as "SYST:PRESET". BEGIN Key Settings None key device BEGIN MEAS Key Settings...
Page 479 RF power Power sweep start power 0.0 dBm Power sweep stop power 1.0 dBm 1. HP 8712ES 2. HP 8714ES 3. Analyzers with Option 100 only 4. Preset power level is user-deﬁned by using the Pwr Level at Preset key. The factory default is 0 dBm.
Page 480 Factory Preset State and Memory Allocation Factory Preset and Peripheral States SOURCE Key Settings (continued) MENU Trigger source Internal Trigger mode Continuous Number of points Start distance 0.00 ft (0.00 m) 100.00 ft (30.48 m) Stop distance External reference Spur avoid options None 1.
Page 481 Factory Preset State and Memory Allocation Factory Preset and Peripheral States CONFIGURE Key Settings SCALE Scale/div 10 dB/div Reference level 0 dB Reference position Reference tracking Electrical delay 0 seconds Phase offset 0 degrees DISPLAY Full/split display Full Display trace Data Graticule Measurement channel annotation...
Page 482 Factory Preset State and Memory Allocation Factory Preset and Peripheral States CONFIGURE Key Settings (continued) Limit fail icon Limit pass/fail indicator "X" position Limit pass/fail indicator "Y" position Marker limits Limit test Previously set limits Deleted Active calibration Last active cal if valid; otherwise, default cal Detector zero Autozero...
Page 483 Factory Preset State and Memory Allocation Factory Preset and Peripheral States CONFIGURE Key Settings (continued) −6 Notch search level −3 Target search level Tracking FORMAT Format type Log mag Averaging Average factor System bandwidth Medium Wide Fault Window Medium Delay Aperture 0.5% (minimum) 1.
Page 484 Factory Preset State and Memory Allocation Factory Preset and Peripheral States Peripheral State The analyzer is shipped from the factory with the settings in the following table. These settings will remain as shown, until you change them. When they have been changed and you then preset the analyzer with the hardkey, or the SCPI command "SYST:PRESET", or PRESET...
Page 485 Factory Preset State and Memory Allocation Factory Preset and Peripheral States SYSTEM OPTIONS Key Settings Analyzer HP-IB Address System Controller/Talker Listener Talker Listener Power Meter HP-IB Address System Controller Address User TTL Conﬁg Softkey Auto-Step Clock: Format YYYY-MM-DD HH:MM:SS Numeric/Alpha...
Page 486 Factory Preset State and Memory Allocation Factory Preset and Peripheral States HARDCOPY Key Settings Select Copy Port: Hardcopy Device HP printer Printer Language Hardcopy Port parallel Printer/Plotter HP-IB Address Baud Rate 19200 Handshake Xon/Xoff Deﬁne Hardcopy Graph and Marker Table Deﬁne Graph: Trace Data...
Page 487 Factory Preset State and Memory Allocation Factory Preset and Peripheral States HARDCOPY Key Settings (continued) Deﬁne Printer: Mono/Color Monochrome Orientation Portrait Auto Feed Resolution 96 dpi Top Margin 0 mm Left Margin 0 mm Print Width 150 mm (5.9 in) Deﬁne Plotter: Mono/Color Monochrome...
Page 488 PRESET pressed, but not when the analyzer's power is cycled. Examples of volatile settings are: always returns to "HP 8712E Compatible" File Format format after a power cycle. always returns to 0.0.0.0 after a power IP Address to Ping cycle.
Page 489 Factory Preset State and Memory Allocation Save/Recall Memory Allocation Save/Recall Memory Allocation Before reading this section, please refer to “Using Instrument Functions” Chapter 4 for an overview of the Save/Recall functions. This section provides details on the size of Save/Recall instrument state ﬁles.
Page 490 Factory Preset State and Memory Allocation Save/Recall Memory Allocation Table 11-2 Maximum Number of Files and Directories Root Directory Any Subdirectory Non-volatile RAM Disk >1000 Volatile RAM Disk >1000 If you have more ﬁles than will ﬁt in a single directory, use additional subdirectories.
Page 491 Factory Preset State and Memory Allocation Save/Recall Memory Allocation Types of Storable Information The instrument states can contain the instrument state, calibration data, and trace data. Inst State (Instrument state) Data sufﬁcient to set up the network analyzer. The amount of memory used is independent of the number of measurement points unless memory trace functions are used.
Page 492 Factory Preset State and Memory Allocation Save/Recall Memory Allocation How to Determine the Size of Disk Files This section explains how to calculate the size of the ﬁles that you save to disk when using SAVE RECALL As mentioned earlier, there are three types of information that can be saved: •...
Page 493 246 + 12 × 8 × Cal two-port 1. Sizes are subject to change with future ﬁrmware revisions. 2. If the ﬁle format chosen is "HP 8711A/B Compatible," the ﬁle header size is 768. 3. N = number of measurement points 4.
Page 494 Factory Preset State and Memory Allocation Save/Recall Memory Allocation Memory traces are saved with the instrument state for each active channel whose display is set to Memory, Data/Mem, or Data and Memory in the menu. DISPLAY Following are some examples: •...
Page 495 Autoscale key BOOTP on OFF key 8-12 Add Min Point key AUTOST ﬁles 3-18 BOOTP Setup key 8-13 address Autost key 3-18 broadband detection mode HP-IB 1-14 auto-step 4-62 Broadband External key 8-13 plotter 1-14 Autozero 6-22 Broadband Internal key 8-13...
Page 496 Index C? notation 7-17 one-port. See calibration, user user cal kit (A–J) 8-95 C0 key 8-14 one-port. user-deﬁned 6-25 C1 key 8-14 phase-derived delay creating 6-28 C2 key 8-14 measurement 3-71 calibration reference plane C3 key 8-14 presetting the analyzer 6-13 calibration standard 6-26...
Page 497 8-16 damage levels Delete Limit key 8-24 DD-MM-YYYY HH front panel Delete Line key 8-24 MM key 8-20 HP-IB Delete Login User key 8-24 declaration of conformity 10-6 impedances deleting ﬁles 4-63 Default 1-Port key 8-21 multi-pin 7-14...
Page 498 Index detectors changing system bandwidth Ethernet Address key 8-29 external 1-11 7-13 Expand on OFF key 8-29 internal factors expanded display 4-52 device measurement increasing explanation of S-parameter Diagnostic Utilities key 8-25 receiver input power measurements Directory Utilities key 8-25 reducing receiver ﬂoor 5-10 EXT REF IN...
Page 499 Graticule Pen key 8-36 frequency annotation 4-51 HP 8712ES Address key 8-39 Grey Scale key 8-36 frequency change to increase HP 8712ES IP Address key 8-39 group delay 3-69 sweep speed HP 8714ES Address key 8-39 Group ID key 8-36...
Page 500 Imaginary key 8-42 cables 4-69 reference impedance magnitude 3-80 interface capabilities Level key 8-47 Impedance Magnitude key 8-42 HP-IB limit icon impedance matching errors Internal 3.5" Disk key 8-44 explanation 4-51 how to reduce 5-15 internal detectors X Position 4-37...
Page 501 Index ratings 10-3 marker limit 4-32 measurement type marker limit test absolute output power 3-56 module 7-22 delta amplitude 4-35 annotation 4-51 power requirements 7-25 delta frequency 4-35 averaging 5-11 voltage requirements ﬂatness 4-34 broadband power 3-56 voltage selector 7-25 peak-to-peak ripple 4-33 channel...
Page 502 Index memory or disk recall 4-60 Numeric key 8-62 MENU key 8-55 Narrow 250 Hz key 8-60 MHz key 8-56 narrow bandwidth 5-10 Min Limit key 8-56 narrowband detection mode one-port calibration. See min search Narrowband Internal key 8-60 calibration, user one-port Min Search key 8-56 narrowband power...
Page 503 Index plane, calibration reference power level setting sweep to auto mode plotter entering testing with limit lines 4-28 HP 7440A ColorPro Eight-Pen preset turning off alternate sweep Color Graphics 4-68 power module 7-22 HP 7470A Two-Pen Graphics power requirements 7-25...
Page 504 8-76 Restore Defaults key 8-74 save deﬁnition 4-58 reducing the amount of restrictions Save Meas 1 key 8-77 averaging HP-IB Save Meas 2 key 8-77 reducing trace noise 5-12 retrieving previous calibrations Save Program key 8-77 Reference Level key 8-70...
Page 505 Set Track Frequency key 8-81 2-port cal swap equal adapters method of Set Year key 8-81 T/R cal 9-15 calibration 3-25 setting HP-IB addresses 1-14 system performance, SWEEP key 8-86 setting the line voltage uncorrected Sweep Out key 8-86 setting up the analyzer...
Page 506 Index System Z0 key 8-88 eliminating receiver spurious Update Corr Const key 8-94 systematic errors responses 5-13 Upper key 8-94 factors 5-12 User 1-Port key 8-94 reduction 5-12 User 2-Port key 8-95 Track Frequency key 8-91 User BEGIN 3-18 Talker Listener key 8-89 Track Peak key 8-91...
Page 507 Index warning deﬁnition 10-3 warranty 9-54 Wide 6500 Hz key 8-99 wide bandwidth 5-10 X key 8-100 X/Y key 8-100 x-axis annotation 4-51 Xon/Xoff key 8-100 Y key 8-101 Y/R* key 8-102 Y/X key 8-102 y-axis annotation 4-51 Y-Axis Lbl ON off key 8-101 Y-Axis Lbl rel ABS key 8-101...

This manual is also suitable for:

Hp 8714es

HP 8712ES User Manual

1 Installing the Analyzer

2 Getting Started

3 Making Measurements

4 Using Instrument Functions

5 Optimizing Measurements

6 Calibrating for Increased Measurement Accuracy

7 Front/Rear Panel

8 Hardkey/Softkey Reference

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