Honeywell AUTOMATIC CONTROL SI Edition Manuals

Manuals and User Guides for Honeywell AUTOMATIC CONTROL SI Edition. We have 1 Honeywell AUTOMATIC CONTROL SI Edition manual available for free PDF download: Engineering Manual

Honeywell AUTOMATIC CONTROL SI Edition Engineering Manual (512 pages)

For COMMERCIAL BUILDINGS

Brand: Honeywell | Category: Control Systems | Size: 4.38 MB

E Mngineeringanual of Automatic Control

7
- Preface
  
  5
  - Table of Contents
    7
- Control System Fundamentals
  
  11
  - Smoke Management Fundamentals
    12
Control Fundamentals

13
- Definitions
  
  15
- Introduction
  
  15
- HVAC System Characteristics
  
  18
  - General
    18
  - Heating
    19
    
    General
    19
    
    Heating Equipment
    20
  - Cooling
    21
    
    General
    21
    
    Cooling Equipment
    22
  - Dehumidification
    22
  - Humidification
    23
  - Ventilation
    23
  - Filtration
    24
- Control System Characteristics
  
  25
  - Controlled Variables
    25
  - Control Loop
    25
  - Control Methods
    26
    
    Analog and Digital Control
    26
    
    General
    26
  - Control Modes
    27
    
    Basic Two-Position Control
    27
    
    General
    27
    
    Two-Position Control
    27
    
    Timed Two-Position Control
    28
    
    Step Control
    29
    
    Floating Control
    30
    
    General
    31
    
    Proportional Control
    31
    
    Compensation Control
    32
    
    Proportional-Integral (PI) Control
    33
    
    Enhanced Proportional-Integral-Derivative (EPID) Control
    35
    
    Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) Control
    35
    
    Adaptive Control
    36
  - Process Characteristics
    36
    
    Load
    36
    
    General
    37
    
    Lag
    37
    
    Measurement Lag
    37
    
    Capacitance
    38
    
    Dead Time
    39
    
    Resistance
    39
  - Control Application Guidelines
    39
  - Control System Components
    40
  - Characteristics and Attributes of Control Methods
    45
Psychrometric Chart Fundamentals

47
- Definitions
  
  48
- Introduction
  
  48
- Description of the Psychrometric Chart
  
  49
- The Abridged Psychrometric Chart
  
  50
- Examples of Air Mixing Process
  
  52
- Air Conditioning Processes
  
  53
  - Heating Process
    53
- Humidifying Process
  
  54
  - Cooling Process
    54
  - Basic Process
    54
    
    Steam Jet Humidifier
    56
    
    Air Washers
    59
    
    Vaporizing Humidifier
    60
  - Cooling and Dehumidification
    61
    
    Air Washers
    61
    
    Basic Process
    61
  - Dehumidification and Reheat
    62
- Process Summary
  
  63
- ASHRAE Psychrometric Charts
  
  63
Pneumatic Control Fundamentals

67
- Definitions
  
  69
- Introduction
  
  69
- Abbreviations
  
  70
- Symbols
  
  71
- Basic Pneumatic Control System
  
  71
  - General
    71
  - Air Supply and Operation
    71
  - Restrictor
    72
  - Nozzle-Flapper Assembly
    72
  - Pilot Bleed System
    72
  - Signal Amplifier
    73
  - Feed and Bleed System
    73
  - Sensing Elements
    73
    
    Bimetal
    73
    
    Averaging Element
    74
    
    Remote Bulb
    74
    
    Rod and Tube
    74
  - Throttling Range Adjustment
    74
  - Relays and Switches
    74
- Air Supply Equipment
  
  75
  - General
    75
  - Air Compressor
    75
  - Air Drying Techniques
    76
    
    Dry Air Requirement
    76
    
    General
    76
    
    Condensing Drying
    77
    
    Desiccant Drying
    77
    
    High-Pressure Drying
    77
    
    Refrigerant Drying
    77
  - Pressure Reducing Valve Station
    78
    
    Air Filter
    78
- Thermostats
  
  79
  - Pressure Reducing Valves
    79
    
    Single-Pressure Reducing Valve
    79
    
    Two-Pressure Reducing Valve
    79
- Controllers
  
  80
  - General
    80
  - Temperature Controllers
    81
  - Humidity Controllers
    81
  - Pressure Controllers
    81
- Sensor-Controller Systems
  
  82
  - Pneumatic Controllers
    82
    
    Controller Adjustments
    82
    
    Proportional-Integral (PI) Controllers
    82
  - Pneumatic Sensors
    83
  - Velocity Sensor-Controller
    83
- Actuators and Final Control Elements
  
  84
  - Actuators
    84
    
    General
    84
    
    Spring Ranges
    84
  - Control Valves
    85
  - Dampers
    86
- Relays and Switches
  
  87
  - Switching Relay
    87
  - Snap Acting Relay
    88
  - Lockout Relay
    88
  - High-Pressure Selector Relay
    89
  - Low-Pressure Selector Relay
    89
  - Load Analyzer Relay
    89
  - Capacity Relay
    89
  - Reversing Relay
    90
  - Positive-Positioning Relay
    90
  - Averaging Relay
    90
  - Ratio Relay
    91
  - Pneumatic Potentiometer
    91
  - Hesitation Relay
    92
  - Electrical Interlocking Relays
    92
    
    Electric-Pneumatic Relay
    92
    
    Pneumatic-Electric Relay
    92
  - Electronic-Pneumatic Transducer
    93
  - Pneumatic Switch
    93
- Pneumatic Control Combinations
  
  94
  - Manual Positioning Switch
    94
  - General
    94
  - Sequence Control
    95
  - Limit Control
    95
  - Manual Switch Control
    96
  - Changeover Control for Two-Pressure Supply System
    97
  - Compensated Control System
    97
  - Electric-Pneumatic Relay Control
    97
  - Pneumatic-Electric Relay Control
    98
  - Pneumatic Recycling Control
    98
- Pneumatic Centralization
  
  99
- Pneumatic Control System Example
  
  100
  - Start-Stop Control Sequence
    100
  - Supply Fan Control Sequence
    102
  - Return Fan Control Sequence
    102
  - Warm-Up/Heating Coil Control Sequence
    102
  - Mixing Damper Control Sequence
    103
  - Discharge Air Temperature Control Sequence
    104
  - Off/Failure Mode Control Sequence
    104
Electric Control Fundamentals

105
- Introduction
  
  107
  - Definitions
    107
- How Electric Control Circuits Are Classified
  
  109
- Series 40 Control Circuits
  
  110
  - Application
    110
  - Equipment
    110
    
    Actuators
    110
    
    Controllers
    110
    
    Relays
    110
    
    Control Combinations
    111
    
    High-Limit Control
    111
    
    Operation
    111
    
    Unit Heater Control
    111
- Series 80 Control Circuits
  
  112
  - Low-Limit Control
    112
    
    Application
    112
    
    Controllers
    112
    
    Equipment
    112
    
    Operation
    112
    
    Relays and Actuators
    112
- Series 60 Two-Position Control Circuits
  
  113
  - Control Combinations
    113
    
    Actuators
    113
    
    Application
    113
    
    Controllers
    113
    
    Equipment
    113
    
    High-Limit Control
    113
    
    Low-Limit Control
    113
    
    Operation
    114
    
    Control Combinations
    115
    
    Open-Closed Control of Damper
    115
    
    Summer/Winter Changeover Control of a
    115
    
    Three-Way Diverting Valve
    115
    
    Two-Position Control of Steam Valve
    115
- Series 60 Floating Control Circuits
  
  116
  - Application
    116
  - Equipment
    116
    
    Actuators
    116
    
    Control Combinations
    116
    
    Controllers
    116
    
    Operation
    116
- Series 90 Control Circuits
  
  117
  - Application
    117
  - Equipment
    117
    
    Actuators
    117
    
    Controllers
    117
  - Operation
    118
    
    Basic Bridge Circuit
    118
    
    Bridge Circuit in Balanced Condition
    118
    
    Bridge Circuit on Increase in Controlled Variable
    118
    
    Bridge Circuit Theory
    118
    
    General
    118
    
    Bridge Circuit on Decrease in Controlled Variable
    119
    
    Bridge Circuit with Limit Controls
    119
    
    Bridge Circuit with High-Limit Control
    120
    
    Bridge Circuit with Low-Limit Control
    120
  - Control Combinations
    121
    
    High-Limit Control
    121
    
    Low-Limit Control
    121
    
    Closing the Actuator with a Manual Switch
    122
    
    Manual and Automatic Switching
    122
    
    Reversing for Heating and Cooling Control
    122
    
    Transferring Actuator Control from One Thermostat to Another
    122
    
    Two-Position Limit Control
    122
    
    Transferring Controller from One Actuator to Another
    123
  - Unison Control
    123
  - Manual Minimum Positioning of Outdoor Air Damper
    123
- Motor Control Circuits
  
  124
  - Step Controllers
    124
  - Application
    124
  - Equipment
    124
    
    Contactors and Relays
    124
    
    Starters
    124
  - Operation
    125
    
    Hand-Off-Auto Start-Stop Circuit
    125
    
    Momentary Start-Stop Circuit
    125
    
    Momentary Fast-Slow-Off Start-Stop Circuit
    126
  - Control Combinations
    127
Electronic Control Fundamentals

129
- Introduction
  
  130
- Definitions
  
  130
- Components
  
  132
  - Sensors
    132
    
    Resistance Temperature Devices
    132
    
    Temperature Sensors
    132
    
    Electronic Control Fundamentals
    133
    
    Solid-State Resistance Temperature Devices
    134
    
    Capacitance Relative Humidity Sensor
    135
    
    Relative Humidity Sensor
    135
    
    Resistance Relative Humidity Sensor
    135
    
    Thermocouples
    135
    
    Transmitter/Transducer
    135
    
    Condensation and Wetting
    136
    
    Quartz Crystal Relative Humidity Sensor
    136
    
    Temperature Compensation
    136
    
    Pressure Sensors
    137
  - Controller
    137
    
    Input Types
    137
    
    Control Modes
    138
    
    Enthalpy Controllers
    138
    
    Output Control
    138
    
    Relative Humidity Controllers
    138
    
    Temperature Controllers
    138
    
    Universal Controllers
    138
  - Output Devices
    138
    
    Modulating
    138
    
    Two-Position
    138
- Typical System
  
  132
- Electronic Controller Fundamentals
  
  139
  - Transducer
    139
  - Indicating Device
    139
  - Interface with Other Systems
    139
  - General
    139
  - Power Supply Circuit
    139
- Typical System Application
  
  140
Microprocessor-Based/DDC Fundamentals

141
- Definitions
  
  143
- Introduction
  
  143
- Background
  
  144
- Advantages
  
  144
  - Computer Based Control
    144
  - Direct Digital Control
    144
  - Lower Cost Per Function
    144
  - Application Flexibility
    144
- Controller Configuration
  
  145
  - Coordinated Multifunction Capability
    145
  - Precise and Accurate Control
    145
  - Reliability
    145
- Types of Controllers
  
  146
  - Zone-Level Controllers
    146
  - System-Level Controller
    146
- Controller Software
  
  147
  - Operating Software
    147
  - Application Software
    147
    
    Direct Digital Control Software
    147
    
    Energy Management Software
    148
    
    Night Cycle
    148
    
    Optimum Start
    148
    
    Optimum Stop
    148
    
    Enthalpy
    149
    
    Load Reset
    149
    
    Night Purge
    149
    
    Zero Energy Band
    151
- Controller Programming
  
  152
  - Distributed Power Demand
    152
    
    Building Management Software
    152
  - General
    152
  - Programming Categories
    153
    
    Configuration Programming
    153
    
    Custom Control Programming
    153
    
    Data File Programming
    153
    
    System Initialization Programming
    153
    
    Analyze Control Application
    154
    
    Determine Inputs and Outputs
    154
    
    Partition into Control Loops
    154
  - Typical Applications
    155
    
    Debug, Install, Enter Data Files, and Test
    155
    
    Design, Write, and Compile Program
    155
Indoor Air Quality Fundamentals

159
- Definitions
  
  161
- Introduction
  
  161
- Abbreviations
  
  163
- Indoor Air Quality Concerns
  
  164
  - Air Contaminants
    164
    
    Contaminant Sources
    164
    
    Outdoor Contaminant Sources
    164
    
    Building Materials and Furnishings
    165
    
    General
    165
    
    Indoor Contaminant Sources
    165
    
    Occupancy and Process Related Contaminant Sources
    166
    
    Office Building Occupancy
    166
    
    Residential Occupancy
    166
    
    Contaminant Types
    167
    
    Health Care Occupancy
    167
    
    Industrial Occupancy
    167
    
    Occupant Related Contaminant Sources
    167
    
    Particulate Contaminants
    167
    
    Gas and Vapor Contaminants
    168
    
    Radionuclide Contaminants
    168
  - Indoor Air Contaminant Indicators
    168
    
    Building Responses to Contaminants
    168
    
    Human Responses to Contaminants
    168
  - Design Considerations
    168
    
    Eliminating Contaminant Paths
    168
    
    Eliminating Contaminant Sources
    168
    
    General
    168
    
    Effects of Temperature
    169
    
    Gas Contaminant Remediation
    169
    
    Particulate Contaminant Remediation
    169
    
    Remediating Contaminant Levels
    169
    
    Effects of Humidity
    170
  - Design Procedures
    170
    
    General
    170
    
    Indoor Air Quality Design Procedure
    171
    
    Ventilation Rate Design Procedure
    171
    
    Recirculation Requirements
    172
    
    Ventilation Optimization
    172
  - Codes and Standards
    172
  - Acceptance Testing
    173
    
    General
    173
- Indoor Air Quality Control Applications
  
  174
  - ASHRAE Guideline 1-1989
    174
  - General
    174
  - Flow Tracking Control System
    175
  - Flow Tracking System with Mixing Box Static Pressure Control
    176
  - Rooftop Unit Control System
    177
  - Operator Interface
    177
  - Graphic Displays
    178
- Bibliography
  
  180
  - Referenced Publications
    180
  - Related Publications
    180
Smoke Management Fundamentals

181
- Introduction
  
  182
- Definitions
  
  182
- Objectives
  
  183
- Design Considerations
  
  183
  - General
    183
  - Layout of System
    184
  - Codes and Standards
    184
  - Design Priniples
    185
- Design Principles
  
  185
  - Causes of Smoke Movement
    185
    
    Buoyancy
    185
    
    Stack Effect
    185
    
    Expansion
    186
    
    Wind Velocity
    186
    
    Hvac
    187
  - Control of Smoke
    187
    
    Pressurization
    187
  - Control Applications
    188
- Contr O L Applica Tions
  
  188
  - Airflow
    188
  - Purging
    188
  - Zone Pressurization Control
    189
  - Stairwell Pressurization Control
    190
  - Acceptance Testing
    191
- Leaka Ge Ra Ted Damper S
  
  191
  - Control of Malls, Atria, and Large Areas
    191
- Acce Ptance Testing
  
  191
  - Leakage Rated Dampers
    191
- Bibliography
  
  192
  - Referenced Publications
    192
  - Additional Related Publications
    192
Building Management System Fundamentals

193
- Introduction
  
  194
- Definitions
  
  194
- Background
  
  195
  - Energy Management
    195
  - Facilities Management Systems
    195
- System Configurations
  
  196
  - Hardware Configuration
    196
    
    Zone-Level Controllers
    196
    
    Management-Level Processors
    197
    
    Operating-Level Processors
    197
    
    System-Level Controllers
    197
  - Communications Protocol
    197
  - Peer Communications Protocol
    198
  - Communications Media
    198
    
    Fiber Optic
    198
    
    Phone Lines
    198
    
    Twisted Copper Pair
    198
- System Functions
  
  199
  - General
    199
  - Zone-Level Controller Functions
    199
  - System-Level Controller Functions
    199
  - Operations-Level Functions
    199
    
    Communications Software
    199
    
    Hardware
    199
    
    Software
    199
    
    Standard Software
    199
    
    Alarm Processing
    200
    
    Reports
    200
    
    Security
    200
    
    Server
    200
    
    System Graphics
    200
    
    System Text
    200
    
    Controller Support
    201
  - Operation
    201
  - Specifying Graphics (I/O Summaries)
    203
  - Control Graphics
    205
  - Data Penetration
    205
- Integration of Other Systems
  
  206
  - General
    206
  - Surface Integration
    206
  - In-Depth Integration
    206
- Control System Applications
  
  209
Air Handling System Control Applications

211
Building Airflow System Control Applications

273
- Definitions
  
  275
- Introduction
  
  275
- Airflow Control Fundamentals
  
  276
  - Need for Airflow Control
    276
  - What Is Airflow Control
    276
  - Types of Airflow Systems
    277
    
    Constant Air Volume
    277
    
    Variable Air Volume
    277
    
    Variable Versus Constant Air Volume
    278
  - Ventilation
    278
  - Pressurization
    280
    
    Building Pressure Balance
    280
    
    Containment Pressurization
    280
    
    Stack Effect
    281
    
    Wind Pressure Effects
    281
  - Characteristics of Fans and Fan Laws
    281
    
    General
    281
    
    Fan Performance Terms
    282
    
    Fan Types
    282
    
    Duct System Curves
    283
    
    Fan Curve and System Curve Comparison
    283
    
    Fan Laws
    283
    
    Fan Power
    283
  - Characteristics of Airflow in Ducts
    284
    
    General
    284
    
    Pressure Changes Within a Duct
    284
    
    Effects of Air Terminal Units
    286
    
    Effects of Dampers
    286
    
    Effects of Fittings
    286
  - Measurement of Airflow in Ducts
    287
    
    General
    287
    
    Pitot Tube Sensors
    287
    
    Pressure Sensors
    287
    
    Total and Static Pressure Sensors
    288
    
    Airflow Measuring Devices
    289
- Airflow Control Applications
  
  290
  - Central Fan System Control
    290
    
    General
    290
    
    Supply Fan Control for VAV Systems
    290
    
    Duct Static High-Limit Control
    291
    
    Open Loop Control
    291
    
    Return Fan Control for VAV Systems
    291
    
    Airflow Tracking Control
    292
    
    Direct Building Static Control
    292
    
    Duct Static Control
    293
    
    Relief Fan Control for VAV Systems
    293
    
    Return Damper Control for VAV Systems
    293
    
    Building Airflow System Control Applications
    294
    
    Night Purge Control
    295
    
    Other Control Modes
    295
    
    Sequencing Fan Control
    295
    
    Smoke Control
    295
    
    Warm-Up Control
    295
  - Zone Airflow Control
    295
    
    Airflow Tracking/Space Static Pressure
    295
    
    Multiple Fan Systems
    297
  - Exhaust System Control
    297
    
    Fume Hoods
    297
    
    Types
    297
    
    Laboratory Pressurization
    298
- References
  
  300
Chiller, Boiler, and Distribution System Control Applications

301
- Definitions
  
  305
- Introduction
  
  305
- Abbreviations
  
  305
- Symbols
  
  306
- Chiller System Control
  
  307
  - Introduction
    307
  - Vapor-Compression Refrigeration
    307
    
    Vapor-Compression Cycle
    307
    
    Centrifugal Compressor
    308
    
    Reciprocating Compressor
    309
    
    Screw Compressor
    309
  - Absorption Refrigeration
    309
    
    Absorption Cycle
    309
    
    Absorption Chiller
    310
  - Chiller Control Requirements
    311
    
    Basic Chiller Control
    311
    
    Chiller/Bmcs Interface
    311
    
    Safety Controls
    311
    
    System Controls Which Influence the Chiller
    311
  - Chilled Water Systems
    312
    
    Central Cooling Plants
    312
    
    Single Centrifugal Chiller Control
    312
    
    Single Centrifugal Chiller Control Application
    313
  - Multiple Chiller System Control Applications
    315
    
    Dual Centrifugal Chillers Control Application
    317
    
    Equal Sized Centrifugal Chillers Control
    319
    
    Similar Multiple Centrifugal Chillers Control Applications
    319
    
    Multiple Centrifugal Chiller Sequencing
    321
  - Dissimilar Multiple Centrifugal Chillers Control
    323
  - Alternative Multiple Decoupled Chiller Control
    323
  - Combination Absorption and Centrifugal Chiller System Control
    323
  - Chiller Pump Optimization
    324
  - Thermal Storage Control
    325
    
    Control Modes
    325
    
    General
    325
  - Cooling Tower and Condenser Water Control
    326
    
    Cooling Tower Capacity Control
    326
    
    Cooling Tower Performance Characteristics
    326
    
    On-Off Cooling Tower Fan Control
    327
    
    Two-Speed Cooling Tower Fan Control
    327
    
    Single Cooling Tower Variable Speed Fan Control
    328
    
    Variable Speed Cooling Tower Fan Control
    328
    
    Dual Cooling Tower Variable Speed Fan Control
    330
  - Chiller Heat Recovery System
    333
    
    Free Cooling-Tower Cooling
    333
    
    Tower Free Cooling, Dual Chillers
    335
- Boiler System Control
  
  337
  - Introduction
    337
  - Boiler Types
    337
    
    Cast Iron and Steel Boilers
    337
    
    Modular Boilers
    337
    
    Electric Boilers
    338
  - Boiler Ratings and Efficiency
    338
  - Combustion in Boilers
    339
    
    Flue Gas Analysis
    339
    
    Gas Burners
    339
    
    Oil Burners
    339
    
    Principles of Combustion
    339
  - Boiler Controls
    340
    
    Boiler Output Control
    340
    
    Combustion Control
    340
    
    Flame Safeguard Control
    340
    
    Application of Boiler Controls
    341
    
    Flame Safeguard Instrumentation
    341
  - Multiple Boiler Systems
    342
    
    General
    342
    
    Dual Boiler Plant Control
    343
    
    Modular Boilers
    345
- Hot and Chilled Water Distribution Systems Control
  
  345
  - Introduction
    345
    
    Classification of Water Distribution Systems
    345
    
    Typical Water Distribution System
    345
    
    Control Requirements for Water Distribution Systems
    346
  - Centrifugal Pumps Used in Hot and Chilled Water Systems
    346
    
    Pump Performance
    347
    
    Pump Efficiency
    348
    
    Pump Performance Curves
    348
    
    Pump Power Requirements
    348
    
    Pump Affinity Laws
    349
    
    Combining System and Pump Curves
    350
    
    Matching Pumps to Water Distribution Systems
    350
    
    Plotting a System Curve
    350
    
    System Curves
    350
    
    Variable Speed Pumps
    352
    
    Multiple Pumps
    353
    
    Pumps Applied to Open Systems
    353
    
    Operation
    354
    
    Dual Pump Curves
    355
  - Distribution System Fundamentals
    355
    
    Direct Vs Reverse Return Piping Systems
    356
    
    Coupled Vs Decoupled Piping Systems
    357
  - Methods of Controlling Distribution Systems
    358
    
    Flow and Pressure Control Solutions
    358
    
    Three-Way Coil Bypass and Two-Way Valve Control
    358
    
    Valve Selection Factors
    358
    
    Differential Pressure Sensor Location
    359
    
    Single Pump, Pressure Bypass, Direct Return
    359
    
    Valve Location and Sizing
    359
    
    Single Pump, Pressure Bypass, Reverse Return
    361
    
    90 Percent Chiller Flow, Direct Return
    362
    
    AHU Valve High Differential Pressure Control
    362
    
    Dual Pumps, Dual Chillers, Pressure Bypass
    362
    
    Decoupled Variable Speed Pump Control, Direct Return
    363
    
    Variable Speed Pump Control
    363
    
    Pump Speed Valve Position Load Reset
    365
    
    Balancing Valve Considerations
    367
    
    Balancing Valve Effects
    367
    
    Balancing Valve Elimination
    367
    
    Differential Pressure Sensor Location Summary
    367
    
    Pump Minimum Flow Control
    367
    
    Decoupled Variable Speed Pump Control, Reverse Return
    368
  - Hot Water Distribution Systems
    368
    
    General
    368
    
    Hot Water Converters
    368
    
    General
    369
    
    Hot Water Piping Arrangements
    369
    
    Control of Hot Water Systems
    370
    
    General
    370
    
    Modulating Flow Control
    370
    
    Primary-Secondary Pumping
    370
    
    Hot Water Converter
    371
    
    Hot Water Reset
    371
    
    Supply Hot Water Temperature Control
    371
    
    Supply Hot Water Temperature Control with Flow Control
    371
    
    Coordinating Valve Selection and System Design
    374
    
    Hot Water Control Method Selection
    374
    
    Three-Way Valve
    374
  - Chilled Water Distribution Systems
    374
    
    General
    374
    
    Changeover Precautions
    375
    
    Control of Terminal Units
    375
    
    Dual Temperature Systems
    375
    
    Multiple-Zone Dual-Temperature Systems
    375
    
    System Objectives
    375
  - Steam Distribution Systems and Control
    376
    
    Advantages of Steam Systems Vs Hot Water Systems
    376
    
    Introduction
    376
    
    Steam System Objectives
    376
  - Properties of Steam
    376
    
    Steam Pressure, Temperature, and Density
    377
    
    Steam Quality
    377
    
    Steam System Heat Characteristics
    377
  - Steam Distribution Systems
    378
    
    Steam Piping Mains
    378
    
    Steam Traps
    378
    
    Pressure Reducing Valve Station
    379
    
    One-Pipe Steam Systems
    380
    
    Two-Pipe Steam Systems
    380
    
    Types of Condensate Return Systems
    380
    
    Types of Low Pressure Steam Distribution Systems
    380
    
    Variable Vacuum Return Systems
    381
  - Control Principles for Steam Heating Devices
    381
    
    General
    381
    
    Modulating Steam Coil Performance
    381
    
    Correctly Sized Valve
    382
    
    Oversized Valve
    382
    
    Low Temperature Protection for Steam Coils
    383
    
    Supply and Return Main Pressures
    383
    
    System Design Considerations for Steam Coils
    383
- High Temperature Water Heating System Control
  
  384
  - Introduction
    384
    
    High Temperature Water (HTW) Heating
    384
    
    High Temperature Water Safety
    385
  - HTW Control Selection
    385
  - HTW Valve Selection
    385
    
    Valve Body Materials
    385
    
    Valve Style
    385
    
    Actuators
    386
    
    Valve Flow Characteristics
    386
    
    Valve Location
    386
    
    Valve Packing
    386
    
    Valve Size
    386
    
    Valve Trim
    386
  - Instantaneous Converter Control
    386
  - HTW Coils
    387
    
    HTW Space Heating Units
    388
    
    Multizone Space-Heating HTW Water Converters
    388
    
    Storage Converters
    388
    
    HTW Steam Generators
    389
- District Heating Applications
  
  390
  - Introduction
    390
    
    Heat Sources
    390
    
    The Distribution Network
    390
    
    The Substation
    391
  - Abbreviations
    391
  - Definitions
    391
  - Symbols
    392
  - System Configuration
    392
    
    Heat Distribution Network
    392
    
    Heat Generation
    392
    
    Hot Water System Control
    392
    
    Booster Pump Station
    393
    
    Hot Water Pipeline System
    393
    
    Mixing Station
    393
    
    Pressure Reducing Stations
    393
    
    Steam System Vs Hot Water System
    393
    
    Direct Heat Transfer Substations
    394
    
    Heat Transfer Substations
    394
    
    Key Points
    394
    
    Indirect Heat Transfer Substations
    395
    
    Hybrid Heat Transfer Substations
    396
  - Control Applications
    397
    
    DDC Control of High Performance Substation
    397
    
    DDC Control of a Small House Substation
    399
    
    Control of Apartment Building Substations with Domestic Hot Water
    400
    
    Hybrid Building Substation
    403
Individual Room Control Applications

405
- Introduction
  
  407
  - Graphic Symbols
    408
  - Abbreviations
    409
  - Air Terminal Unit Control
    409
  - Variable Air Volume ATU
    409
    
    Pressure-Dependent and Pressure-Independent ATU
    409
    
    Single-Duct VAV ATU
    410
    
    System Configuration
    410
    
    Throttling VAV ATU
    410
    
    Variable Air Volume ATU
    411
    
    Constant Air Volume Atus
    412
    
    Induction VAV ATU
    412
    
    Variable Air Volume ATU with Electric Reheat
    412
    
    Parallel Fan ATU
    414
    
    Series Fan ATU
    414
    
    Dual Duct Pressure Independent VAV ATU
    416
    
    Dual-Duct ATU
    416
    
    Dual Duct Pressure Independent Constant Volume ATU
    417
- Unitary Equipment Control
  
  418
  - General
    418
  - Natural Convection Units
    418
  - Radiant Panels
    419
  - Unit Heaters
    419
    
    General
    419
    
    Control
    420
    
    Down-Blow Unit Heater
    420
    
    Modulating Control
    420
    
    Two-Position Control
    420
    
    Gas- or Oil-Fired Unit Heater
    421
  - Unit Ventilators
    421
    
    General
    421
    
    ASHRAE Control Cycles
    422
    
    Control
    422
    
    Standby/Warmup Stage
    422
    
    Cycle I-Fixed Maximum Percentage of Outdoor Air
    423
    
    Cycle II-Fixed Minimum Percentage of Outdoor Air
    423
    
    Cycle III-Variable Outdoor Air
    424
    
    Day/Night Setback Control
    424
    
    Unit Ventilator Digital Control
    425
    
    Blocked Airflow
    428
    
    Coil Freeze-Up
    428
    
    Power Failure
    428
    
    Precautions and Conditions for Successful Operation
    428
  - Fan Coil Units
    428
    
    General
    428
    
    Two-Pipe Heating/Cooling
    429
    
    Two-Pipe Heating/Cooling, Single Coil
    429
    
    Four-Pipe Heating/Cooling, Single Coil
    430
    
    Four-Pipe Heating/Cooling, Split Coil
    430
  - Heat Pumps
    431
    
    General
    431
    
    Operation
    431
    
    Control Loops
    432
    
    Individual Room Control Automation
    433
  - Hot Water Plant Considerations
    434
Valve Selection and Sizing

437
- Definitions
  
  438
  - Valve Components
    438
  - Valve Flow Characteristics
    438
  - Valve Flow Terms
    439
  - Valve Ratings
    439
  - Valve Types
    440
  - Valve Material and Media
    441
- Introduction
  
  438
- Valve Selection
  
  442
  - Globe Valve
    443
  - Ball Valve
    443
  - Butterfly Valve
    443
  - Two-Way Valve
    444
    
    Linear Valve
    444
    
    Quick-Opening Valve
    444
    
    Equal Percentage Valve
    445
  - Three-Way Valves
    446
    
    Diverting Valve
    446
    
    Mixing Valve
    446
- Valve Sizing
  
  447
  - Water Valves
    447
    
    Quantity of Water
    448
    
    Water Valve Pressure Drop
    448
    
    Water Valve Sizing Examples
    449
  - Steam Valves
    451
    
    Proportional Applications
    452
    
    Quantity of Steam
    452
    
    Steam Valve Pressure Drop
    452
    
    Two-Position Applications
    452
    
    Steam Valve Sizing Examples
    453
Damper Selection and Sizing

455
- Introduction
  
  457
- Definitions
  
  457
- Damper Selection
  
  458
  - Damper Types
    458
    
    Low Leakage Dampers
    458
    
    Parallel and Opposed Blade Dampers
    458
    
    Round Dampers
    458
    
    Fire Dampers
    460
    
    Smoke Dampers
    460
    
    Baffles
    461
    
    Multiple Section Dampers
    461
    
    Typical Damper Construction
    462
  - Performance Data
    462
    
    Leakage Ratings
    462
- Damper Selection and Sizing
  
  463
  - Torque Requirements
    464
    
    Pressure Ratings
    464
    
    Temperature Ratings
    464
    
    UL Classification (Fire/Smoke)
    464
    
    Velocity Ratings
    464
  - Application Environment
    464
    
    Velocity
    464
    
    Corrosion
    465
    
    Nuclear/Seismic Applications
    465
    
    Static Pressure
    465
    
    Temperature
    465
    
    Turbulence
    465
  - Actuators and Linkages
    465
    
    Normally Open/Normally Closed
    465
    
    Actuator Mounting Alternatives
    466
    
    Multiple Actuators
    466
    
    Positive Positioners
    466
    
    Actuator Selection
    467
    
    Jackshafts
    467
  - System Characteristics
    467
  - Damper Sizing
    467
    
    Damper Characteristics
    468
    
    Inherent Characteristic
    468
    
    Installed Characteristic
    468
    
    Determining Damper Size
    469
    
    Control System Sensitivity
    471
    
    Damper Performance
    471
    
    Modulating Control
    471
    
    Other Damper Sizing Considerations
    471
    
    Oversized Damper Characteristics
    471
    
    Two-Position Control
    471
  - Damper Pressure Drop
    472
    
    Mixed Air Control
    473
  - Damper Applications
    473
    
    Face and Bypass Control
    474
    
    Throttling Control
    474
General Engineering Data

475
- Introduction
  
  476
- Conversion Formulas and Tables
  
  476
  - General
    476
  - Metric Prefixes
    476
  - Pressure
    476
  - Weight/Mass
    477
  - Length
    477
  - Area
    477
  - Volume
    478
  - Mass Per Unit Volume of Water
    478
  - Specific Heat
    478
  - Temperature
    478
- General Engineering Data
  
  479
  - Heat Transfer
    480
  - Velocity
    480
  - Flow
    480
  - Power
    481
  - Work/Energy
    481
  - Enthalpy
    482
  - Force
    482
  - Torque
    482
  - Density
    482
- Electrical Data
  
  483
  - Electrical Distribution Systems
    483
    
    General
    483
    
    Single-Phase System
    483
    
    Three-Phase Delta System
    484
    
    Three-Phase Four-Wire Wye System
    484
    
    Three-Phase Three-Wire Wye System
    484
  - Electric Motors
    485
  - Voltage Conversion
    485
- Properties of Saturated Steam Data
  
  486
- Airflow Data
  
  487
  - Fan Ratings
    487
  - Velocity Pressure
    488
- Moisture Content of Air Data
  
  489
  - Moisture in Compressed Air
    489
  - Relative Humidity
    491

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More Honeywell Manuals

Honeywell AUTOMATIC CONTROL SI Edition Manuals

Honeywell AUTOMATIC CONTROL SI Edition Engineering Manual (512 pages)

Table of Contents

E Mngineeringanual of Automatic Control

Preface

Control System Fundamentals

Control Fundamentals

Definitions

Introduction

HVAC System Characteristics

Control System Characteristics

Psychrometric Chart Fundamentals

Definitions

Introduction

Description of the Psychrometric Chart

The Abridged Psychrometric Chart

Examples of Air Mixing Process

Air Conditioning Processes

Humidifying Process

Process Summary

ASHRAE Psychrometric Charts

Pneumatic Control Fundamentals

Definitions

Introduction

Abbreviations

Symbols

Basic Pneumatic Control System

Air Supply Equipment

Thermostats

Controllers

Sensor-Controller Systems

Actuators and Final Control Elements

Relays and Switches

Pneumatic Control Combinations

Pneumatic Centralization

Pneumatic Control System Example

Electric Control Fundamentals

Introduction

How Electric Control Circuits Are Classified

Series 40 Control Circuits

Series 80 Control Circuits

Series 60 Two-Position Control Circuits

Series 60 Floating Control Circuits

Series 90 Control Circuits

Motor Control Circuits

Electronic Control Fundamentals

Introduction

Definitions

Components

Typical System

Electronic Controller Fundamentals

Typical System Application

Microprocessor-Based/DDC Fundamentals

Definitions

Introduction

Background

Advantages

Controller Configuration

Types of Controllers

Controller Software

Controller Programming

Indoor Air Quality Fundamentals

Definitions

Introduction

Abbreviations

Indoor Air Quality Concerns

Indoor Air Quality Control Applications

Bibliography

Smoke Management Fundamentals

Introduction

Definitions

Objectives

Design Considerations

Design Principles

Contr O L Applica Tions

Leaka Ge Ra Ted Damper S

Acce Ptance Testing

Bibliography

Building Management System Fundamentals

Introduction